Althoughintseva, Alexandra Alexandrovna

Alexandra Althoughiaintseva was born in 1865, the granddaughter of the Decembrist I.N. Although Althoughintseva . She received her art education at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , where she received a medal and certificate for the right to teach painting. In 1894-1901, she studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts with I. E. Repin , then in Paris at the art studios of L.-O. Merson and R. Collen . In the 1890s, she created an Art Workshop in Moscow , in which the painters V. A. Serov , K. A. Korovin and N. P. Ulyanov and others taught ^[1]

In 1897, although M.P. Chekhov met, although Althoughintseva met A.P. Chekhov , friendly relations began with the writer and his family. The artist visited the Chekhovs in the estate in Melikhov , where she made many drawings, mainly of a comic nature. In October of this year, although Althoughintseva left for Paris , she corresponded with Chekhov, who lived in the Russian pension ( French: Pension russe ) in Nice . In letters, Chekhov called her “the great artist of the Russian land” ^{[K 1]} . In the winter of 1897/98, although Althoughintseva came to the guesthouse. In January 1898, Chekhov wrote to A. S. Suvorin : “Here is a Russian artist who paints me in a caricature 10-15 times a day” ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} .

In the years 1897-1898, although Aintseva created a series of watercolor and pencil cartoons- portraits of A.P. Chekhov, called "Chekhiada" ("Walking in a cab in Nice", "Chekhov thinking about the menu in the Russian guesthouse in Nice", "Chekhov dreams of Knipper ”,“ Chekhov is looking at Drozdova ”,“ Chekhov is at the table d'hote in the Russian boarding house in Nice ”,“ Chekhov is reading the newspaper L'Aurore ”,“ Arrival in Melikhovo. Return from Nice ”, portraits and silhouettes of the writer, etc. .) ^{[8] [9] [7]} .

Other inhabitants of the Russian boarding house in Nice, who were the objects of the irony of Chekhov and Khotyaintseva and the bearers of the comic nicknames they gave, were Baroness Dershau, “mother and daughter, thin, tall, with long noses, fashionably but tastelessly dressed” - “Fish” tail up ”and“ Fish tail down ”; “A lady who thinks she can still be liked”; “Dear Doll” and others. ^{[10] [7]} Noting the roll call of the drawings by Althoughintseva with Chekhov’s notebooks, researcher E. N. Dunaeva points out the “special value” of the cartoons in that the artist “was not only repelled from her life’s foundation, but also from the perception of this reality by Chekhov ” ^[11] .

Although the artist also performed watercolor works “The Cherry Orchard”, a portrait of the writer’s mother E. Ya. Chekhova ^{[12] [13]} .

The last of the works of Khotyaintseva known to researchers, created in September 1898, captured Chekhov in the Tretyakov Gallery in front of her portrait of O. E. Braz ^{[K 2]} . The caricature was made in several versions. The version where Chekhov considers his portrait together with other visitors to the exhibition (including A. S. Suvorin , and presumably Althoughiaintseva herself) was published in the New Time newspaper ^[15] .

Drawings and caricatures of A. A. Whileintseva was published in periodicals, the artist took part in Moscow and St. Petersburg exhibitions ^[1] .

In 1923, together with T. L. Sukhotina-Tolstoy, although Sheintseva founded an Art Studio, among whose teachers was K. F. Yuon ^[1] .

The author of the memoirs “Meet with Chekhov” ^[1] .

She died in December 1942 during the blockade of Leningrad . The burial place is unknown ^[16] .

In 1922-1923, 9 drawings by A.A. Although Although in large sheets, entered the State Literary Museum as part of the archive of A.P. Chekhov, transferred to M.P. Chekhova . In 1927, although Althoughintseva handed over to the State Literary Museum a montage of 14 caricature drawings on a piece of cardboard called “Tchekhov à Nice” (“Chekhov in Nice”) ^[17] . The artist’s works are also in the A.P. Chekhov House-Museum in Moscow and the Writer's House-Museum in Yalta ^[4] .

The memoirs of “Meeting with Chekhov” were published in 1960 in volume 68 of the Literary Heritage , reprinted in the collection A. P. Chekhov in the memoirs of contemporaries ”(M., 1986) and other publications ^{[4] [18]} .

The artist’s letters to A.P. Chekhov were not found in the writer's archive ^[1] . Chekhov's letters to Khotyaintseva, transmitted by the addressee M.P. Chekhova after the death of the writer, were published in Volume 25 of the Complete Works of Chekhov (M., 1979) ^{[19] [20]} .

• Although A. A. A. Meetings with Chekhov / publ., [Foreword. and note.] P. S. Popov // Chekhov / USSR Academy of Sciences. Separate lit. and language. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. - T. 68. - S. 605-612. - 974 s. - ( Literary heritage / ed.: V.V. Vinogradov (chap. Ed.), I.I. Anisimov ... [ and others ]; T. 68). - 12,000 copies.
• Chekhov A.P. Poln. Sobr. Op. : in 30 t . - M .: Nauka, 1979. - T. 25: Letters 1897-1898.

• Vinogradova K. M. Guests of Melikhov // Chekhov in Melikhov / K. M. Vinogradova. - M .: Mosk. Worker, 1959.
• Dunaeva E. N. "Chekhiada" A. A. Althoughyintseva // From the History of Russian and Soviet Literature: New and Forgotten: collection of books. scientific tr - M .: State Literary Museum, 1980. - S. 69–91. - 132 p.
• Chekhov's letters to women / A.P. Chekhov. - M .: AST, 2013 .-- 260 p. - (Love letters of great people). - ISBN 978-5-17-077686-3 .
• Although A. A. Chekhov Meetings // A. P. Chekhov in the memoirs of contemporaries / N. I. Gitovich. - M .: Hudozh. lit., 1986 .-- 735 s.
• Chekhoviana / A.P. Chudakov ; Scientific Council on the History of World Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Chekhov Commission. - M .: Nauka, 2007 .-- 680 p. - (From the 20th century to the 21st; vol. 21).

• Russian Riviera: Nice Literary (Neopr.) . - Russian writers on the Cote d'Azur. Date of treatment December 13, 2017.