Belyanki [1] ( Latin: Pieridae ) is a family of day butterflies , usually with white painted wings and a pattern of yellow, orange and black spots and fields, with club-shaped antennas, rounded triangular front and ovoid hind wings.
| Belyanki |
|---|
 |
|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Subtype : | Tracheo-breathing |
| Infraclass : | Winged insects |
| Treasure : | Fully Transformed Insects |
| Squadron : | Amphiesmenoptera |
| Infrastructure : | Butterflies |
| Treasure : | Double-breasted |
|
|
Pieridae Duponchel , 1835 |
|
- Coliadinae
- Dismorphiinae
- Pierinae
- Pseudopontiinae
|
|
|
Medium-sized butterflies — the wingspan of most species is 45-60 mm. The head is round, eyes are bare. Antennae gradually thicken to the apex or end with a sharply detached mace. All legs of both sexes are fully developed and function when walking. The color is usually white, yellow, greenish, or orange, often with a pattern of yellow, orange, and black spots and fields. Often developed sexual and (or) seasonal dimorphism. Often, some details of the pattern are visible only in the ultraviolet range. The androconial field , if any, is barely noticeable.
The front wing has the shape of a right-angled triangle with convex costal and external edges and an almost rectilinear anal edge (in Zegris the costal margin is slightly concave at the apex, in Gonepteryx the apex of the wing is pointed in the form of a tooth, therefore, the outer edge is concave). Hind wing rounded oval, with 2 anal veins. The central cell of both wings is closed and occupies about half the length of the wing. Androconial scales are located on the front wing from above in the form of a weakly distinguishable field. Hind wings enclose abdomen with inner edge.
The flight is diverse in nature, often quite distant and strong. Some species migrate. Adults feed on nectar of flowers. Resting pose with closed wings folded behind the back.
Eggs are usually laid one at a time.
Caterpillars develop on different dicotyledons , mainly on cruciferous ( Brassicaceae ) and leguminous ( Fabaceae ). The caterpillar or pupa overwinter .
Caterpillar is cylindrical in shape, covered with short hairs. Caterpillars of medium size, long and thin, with a cover of short hairs, usually green or yellowish, with yellow or green longitudinal stripes, and some with black spots or dots [2] . May be pests: cabbage ( Pieris brassicae ), ladybird ( Pieris rapae ) and birch bark ( Pieris napi ) harm cabbage and its varieties, hawthorn ( Aporia crataegi ) harms fruit trees.
Dolly attached with silk, with 1 short horny outgrowth on the head and well-developed cremaster. Pupae are mostly black with yellow spots; they are attached by the rear end of the body and supported by a thread covering the chest.
They are found all over the world, with the exception of New Zealand . There are about 150 species in the Palearctic , about 70 species in the territory of the former USSR , and about 60 species in Europe .
91 genera and about 1100 species (as of December 2011 ), including 6 minerals [3] . The following subfamilies are distinguished in the family :
- Subfamily Dismorphiinae - 100 species
- Genus Dismorphia
- Genus Enantia
- Genus Leptidea
- Genus Lieinix
- Genus Moschoneura
- Genus Patia
- Genus Pseudopieris
- Subfamily Pseudopontiinae - 1 species
- Pseudopontia paradoxa species
- Subfamily: Pierinae - 55 genera, 700 species
- Tribe Anthocharini
- Triba Colotini
- Triba Pierini
- Subfamily Coliadinae - 300 species
- Triba Coliadini
- Tribe Euremini
- Tribe Goniopterygini
