Kazakh dramaturgy

Kazakh drama arose at the beginning of the 20th century . The first works were created in line with the democratic direction of Kazakh literature and were educational in nature, argued the need for the people to be involved in education, science, culture. Such, for example, is one of the first Kazakh dramas - the drama of K. Togysov (“Victim of ignorance”, 1915, Ufa). The dramatic works of J. Aymauytov , M. Dulatov , K. Kemengerov , M. Auezov , S. Seifullin , J. Shanin laid the foundation for national drama.

The plays by J. Aymauytov “Rubin”, “Mansaporlar”, “Canapiya - Shurbanu”, “El Korgany”, “Sherniyaz”, “Sylak қyz”, written taking into account European traditions, reflect the life and customs of the Kazakh society. Promising at the early stage of the formation of the national theater was the appeal to Kazakh folklore and the creative assimilation of the experience of world drama, primarily Russian and European. The plays by G. Shanin “Argalyk Batyr”, “Bozy Kurpesh - Bayan Sulu”; M. Auezova “Ayman-Sholpan”, “Enil-Kebek”; G. Musrepova "Kyz Zhіbek" created on the basis of the Kazakh heroic and social epic . They are an example of the careful preservation of the epic attitude during the dramatization of epic narratives (division into episodes, dialogue, etc.), the skillful inclusion of elements of the epic in the verbal fabric of the drama, and the widespread use of the wealth of the native language when transmitting stage speech . M. Auezov is rightfully considered the founder of Kazakh drama. He created over 20 plays in various genres and on different topics: “Discord”, “In the Apple Orchard”, “Child of the Dawn”, “On the Border”, “Hour of Trials”, “Abay” (together with L. S. Sobolev) other. They are distinguished by the novelty of the topic, deep psychologism, the organicity of science fiction and symbolism, the accuracy of historical details, the expressive speech of the characters, and the mastery of composition. Kazakh dramatists created original comedies in which they relied on national folklore ( fables and parables , satirical tales and jokes , social poems ). Such are the comedies of J. Shanin "Torsybay", "Aidarbek", "Black Castle", "Living Picture", M. Auezov's "Ayman-Sholpan". The founder of the Kazakh comedy B. Maylin created the comedies “Kalamkas”, “Shanshar Molda”, “El Mektebi”, “Taltanbay Order”. They contain genuine comic, unexpected plot twists, severity of satirical denunciation, expressive speech.

Modern Kazakh dramaturgy is characterized by a desire to search for new means of artistic expression, to update and expand the subject, and to deepen psychological analysis. The plays of Zh. Shanin “The Heart of the Poet”, T. Akhtanov “Saule”, A. Abishev “The Unknown Hero”, A. Tazhibaev's “Like-Minded People” are widely known. The craving for authenticity, for documentary manifested itself in the highly social plays of K. Mukhamedzhanov “In a foreign land”, A. Tazhibaeva “Girl and Soldier”. On the stages of many theaters in the world there is a play by K. Mukhamedzhanov and Ch. Aitmatov "Climbing Fuji". The plays of M. Khasenov, S. Zhunusov, A. Tarazi, S. Murtaza, K. Iskakov, R. Seisenbaev, O. Bukeev, N. Orazalin, D. Isabekov and others won popularity among the audience.

A significant role in improving the professional level of national drama was played by translations of the works of world classics into the Kazakh language. One of the first translators was M. Dauletbaev , who owned the translations of “Hamlet” by W. Shakespeare, “Marriages” by N.V. Gogol. Classical translation samples were given by M. Auezov: “Othello” and “The Taming of the Shrew” by W. Shakespeare, “Examiner” by N.V. Gogol, “Yarovaya Love” by K. A. Trenev.

Acquisition of sovereignty by Kazakhstan contributed to the renewal of dramaturgy, which reflects the modern vision of historical events, is distinguished by its acuteness of themes and problems. In the plays of K. Iskak “Estaydy Korlany”, I. Orazbaev “Shyңғys Khan”, S. Smataev “Toy үstіndegі topalaң”, B. Abildayuly “Tüle bi”, O. Dastanova “Uziret Sultan”, A. Bekbosynova “Soңgy sesim” , A. Tarazi “Alatau Sons Sady Alabym”, M. Banserkenova “Abylay khanny akyrgy kunderi”, A. Kekilbaeva “Abylay khan” realistically describe the most important events from the life of the Kazakh people, they raised serious moral and social problems. The plays by O. Suleimenov and B. Mukai “Zamanaqyr”, R. Mukanov “Mugilik bala beine” are devoted to the theme of the Semipalatinsk test site .