Lipschutz, Alejandro

Alexander Lipschits was born in August 1883 in Riga ; was the third of seven brothers in the family of Aron-Leiser Lipschitz (a native of Bialystok ) and Frida Friedman. In 1901 he graduated from the Riga Gymnasium named after Nicholas I. Even then he was interested in anthropology, but at the insistence of his father in 1902 he entered the University of Berlin to study medicine. He also studied at the University of Zurich . In 1905 he became a member of the RSDLP (b) , interrupted his studies and participated in revolutionary events in Riga.

In 1906, he began writing a dissertation at the University of Gottingen, “Idiopathic Osteoporosis, ” which he defended under the supervision of Maxim Werner in 1907 and received the qualification of general practitioner.

In 1914-1915 he taught physiology at the University of Bern (1914-1919). During the First World War, Lipschitz, as a citizen of the Russian Empire, was drafted into the army and served as a military doctor for some time. However, in 1916 Lipschitz found himself in Vienna - the capital of Austria-Hungary, a country hostile to Russia. In Vienna, Lipschitz studied sexual endocrinology, under the guidance of Professor Steinach. There Lipschitz met Sigmund Freud , whom he became an adherent.

In 1919, Lipschitz officially resigned from the University of Bern and became a professor at the University of Tartu , as well as the director of the Physiological Institute under him.

In 1926, Lipschitz accepted the invitation of the Rector of the University of Concepcion and moved to Chile. In this country, his surname began to sound like Lipschutz. In 1927, he participated in the creation of the Concepcion Biology Society. He was a university professor until 1937, when, due to a conflict with university leadership, he moved to Santiago , where he created the Institute of Experimental Medicine, whose director he was until 1960. Lipschutz also held the Department of Physiology at the University of Chile . The main areas of his activity in the field of medicine were sexual endocrinology and the treatment of malignant tumors - his contribution was appreciated by the award in 1968 of the National Prize of Sciences of Chile. In 1946, Lipschutz organized an ethnographic-anthropological expedition to the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.

In 1972, he became an Honorary Academician of the Institute of Chile (Spanish) .

Lipschutz is the first president of the Chilean-Soviet Institute of Culture (1944). Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences of Chile, Honorary Member of the Academies and Scientific Societies of Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Mexico, etc., Honorary Doctor of the University of Havana (1963) and Honorary Professor of Universities in Many Countries of the World. Honorary Doctor of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1973). Winner of the Academy of Sciences of the USA (1944), House of the Americas (1974).

After the coup in Chile in 1973, Lipschutz was harassed and criticized. His mansion was searched.

Lipschutz strongly advocated indigenous autonomy; he became the founder and member of the Chilean Native American Institute and the Chilean Society of Anthropologists, and also actively collaborated with the All-American Indian Institute, based in Mexico. In 1973, he was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor of the Institute of Ethnology of the USSR Academy of Sciences .

A. Lipschutz is the author of studies on endocrinology and cancer problems. He owns a number of Marxist studies ^[2] on ethnography:

• "Indo-Americanism and the racial problem in America" ​​(1944);
• "The racial problem during the period of the conquest of America and the mixing of races" (1963) and others.

• Marx by Lenin en la América Latina by los Problemas indigenistas. - 1974.
• Perfil de Indoamérica de nuestro tiempo. Antología 1937-1962. - 1968;
• Seis ensayos filosóficos marxistas. 1959-1968. - 1970;

• Lipschitz Alejandro // Encyclopedic Directory "Latin America". Editor-in-chief V.V. Volsky. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979-1982.

• Alejandro Lipschütz Friedmann (1883-1980)