Semantic aphasia ( Greek σημαντικός - denoting) is one of the forms of aphasia , which is associated with a violation of the understanding of logical and grammatical structures. [1] [2]
Content
Reasons to
This form of aphasia occurs when the parietal-occipital parts of the dominant left hemisphere are affected in right-handers. The primary defect that underlies this syndrome is the difficulty in perceiving logical-grammatical structures, simultaneous simultaneous analysis and synthesis of phenomena suffers. [2] [3]
Symptoms
In patients with semantic aphasia, there are difficulties in performing tasks that contain complex syntactic structures. [1] [2] Simultaneous analysis and synthesis, or the ability to assess spatial or “quasi-spatial” relationships, suffers. In the perception of simple sentences, the perception and understanding of sentences are not disturbed; however, when introducing complex syntactic structures, patients cannot understand the meaning of the sentence [1] [2] [3] . Speech as an automated activity in patients saved. Writing and reading are slowed down due to the patient’s misunderstanding of quasi-spatial relationships.
According to A. R. Luria [3] , “this violation lies in the fact that the immediate image, hiding behind a word, or its direct objective relatedness remains intact, but the whole system of connections and relationships behind the word turns out to be deeply disturbed.”
Diagnostics
To identify semantic aphasia, patients are offered to explain the meaning of such sentences or perform such tasks containing logical-grammatical constructions that require quasi-spatial synthesis [2] . For example:
- Sentences with prepositions;
- Comparative sentences (“Pencil is shorter than a pen. Is the pen or pencil longer?”. “Olya is darker than Kati, but lighter than Sonya. Who is the darkest?”);
- Words with suffixes (for example, "inkwell", where the suffix "ca" means the container);
- Constructions of the genitive case (““ the brother of the father ”and“ the father of the brother ”are they the same or not?”);
- Temporary constructions that reflect the temporal relations between events (for example, they are asked to clarify the meaning of the phrase “Before he went to the city, he went to see a friend”);
- Spatial constructions, expressions in which there are logical inversions (“Kohl was struck by Peter? Who is the fighter?”);
- Expressions in which logically related words are far apart from each other (for example, “A lecturer came to the school where Vanya studies, to give a report. Where was it planned to read the report?”);
- Sentences with “passing” verbs (“Vera lent money to Masha. Seryozha borrowed money from Kolya. Who owes whom?”);
- The solution of arithmetic problems.
See also
- Luria, Alexander Romanovich
- Aphasia
- Semantics
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 E.D. Chomskaya. Neuropsychology. - 4th ed. - Peter, 2013. - S. Section II, Chapter 13, pp. 241-243. - 496 s.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 A.R. Luria. Fundamentals of Neuropsychology. - 8th ed. - Moscow: Academy, 2013. - S. Chapter III, section 2, pp. 167-169.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Neuropsychology Chrestomathy / Ed. E. D. Chomskoy. - 3rd edition. - Peter, 2011. - S. p. 609-620. - ISBN 978-5-49807-566-2 .