Arme

Arme (Urme, Urum, Urumu, Arime, Arima, Urmeuhi, Urmeuni, Armani) - the ancient Luvian - Hurrian state entity (kingdom) in the XIII-XI centuries BC. e. in the south-west of the Armenian Highlands in the Sasun Mountains, south-west of Lake Van. Together with the kingdom of Hayas , located in the north-west of the Armenian Highlands in the XV-XII centuries BC. e., was the heiress of ancient Armatana , a kingdom in the west of the Armenian Highlands and in the Euphrates, which existed in the XVIII-XVI centuries BC. e.

Just as the kingdom of Hayas united in a tribal alliance with the people of Azzi ( Azzi ) , in the face of threats from the Hittite Empire , Arme merged into a state alliance with the country of Supria . Scientists associate the name Arme with the name Armenia. Arme-Shubriya and the state of Melid-Kammanu, undoubtedly, were the core of the formation of the Armenian ethnos and played a large role in the emergence of Armenian statehood. ^[one]

Among the Assyrians, the name Arme is identified with Shubria. The center of Arme was the city of Neheria (Nairi?), It was located in the valley of the upper Tigris; Assyrian sources consider the center of Shubria to the city of Uppumu (Ubbumu), along with the city of Kulmeri (Assyrian Kullimeri) as the center of Urme. ^[2]

Until the XIII century. BC. the population of Arme-Shubria consisted of Hurrian tribes close to the Urartians, and was mixed with the Luvians. In the XIII - XII centuries. BC e., the tribes of flies (Thracian-Phrygian tribes), after the destruction of the Hittite state, began to penetrate the countries of the Armenian Highlands, and also entered Armagh Shubria. ^[2]

The main danger to the countries of the Armenian Highlands since the XIII century. BC. becomes Assyria. Fortified in northern Mesopotamia, the Assyrians now begin to raid the mountains in order to capture slaves and cattle. The oldest of the inscriptions known to us that mention Arime dates back to the 13th century and describes the campaign of Salmansar I on it and the country of Uruatri (Urartu). The inscriptions describe the stubborn struggle of Salmanasar I in 1256 BC. e. with Arme. The Thracian-Phrygians belonged to the "peoples of the sea" and the Assyrians confused the Arim-Urumians with flies and called it flies or Urumians. According to the text of the Assyrian annals, the flies entered into an alliance with the locals and waged wars with Assyria. At the beginning of the IX century. BC, in Assyrian inscriptions the flies and tribes of the Urumi (Urumans) are mentioned in the same territory as agricultural tribes. In the XII century, the country of Armé is already mentioned under the name Urum in the inscriptions of Tiglathpalasar I. One of the inscriptions of King Tiglathpalasar I (1115-1077) reports the invasion of the troops of the Urumians and Hutts in the countries of Alzi (Alzi) and Purulumtsi occupied by flies 50 years before (fact , which may explain the confusion regarding the Urumans and flies). From the XII century, a list of the countries of the kingdoms of Nairi, compiled by King Shamshi-Adad II , in which the name Arima is again mentioned, has come. There is an inscription from King Ashshurnasirapal I in which he says that he accepted a tribute in Tushkha from the countries of Shupriy, Nirba and Urum. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

It is known that countries located north of Mesopotamia, such as Arme-Chupria, gained the opportunity to strengthen their positions and repel the new attacks of Assyria, which were launched again in the X century. ^[2]

Arme-Shubria Together with flies and other peoples of the Armenian Highlands and the Nairi states came under the power of Urartu in the 9th century BC. e. ^[2]

Asarhaddon (Esarhaddon) in 674 BC e. undertook a campaign against Shubriya, depicted in the "Letter to the god Ashur," and subdued her. The Shubrians, who were besieged in the city of Uppum, tried to burn the Assyrian siege structures with burning oil - the Assyrian king finally took Uppum, Kullimeri and other Shubrian fortresses. The king of Arme-Shubriy was deposed, and the country was briefly conquered in 673 BC. Assyrian king Asarhaddon for about 30 years. Arme-Shubria, Melid-Kammanu, Alzi, as well as other countries of the Armenian Highlands, again achieve independence. ^[2]

It has now been recognized that the beginnings of Armenian statehood go not only in the era of the fall of Urartu and Assyria, but also deeper; the rudiment of her could be the kingdom of Arme- Shubria , according to B. B. Piotrovsky , suggesting the creation of a Scythian-Armenian association here at the turn of the 7th and 6th centuries. BC, but which developed as a state much earlier. ^[one]

Any Hurrian , Urartian or Luvian state on the territory of the Armenian Highlands can be considered as the embryo of Armenian statehood - and these states were also created not by ethnic groups alien to the Armenians , but by people whose descendants joined the Armenian people , although they spoke other languages ^[1] .

The country of Arme led the territorial union, which included the “kingdom” of flies, the countries of Pakhkhuv, Tsukhma, Tegrama, Melid-Kamman, Ishuva , Shupria , Alshe , Purulumtsi and many other “countries”. The Union managed to unite all the small countries and peoples of the Armenian Highlands into one political unit. The union, led by the country of Arme, got the opportunity to use the period of impotence of Urartu (VI BC) and capture its political heritage. The merger of the two peoples of the Armins and Flies was a very important factor; it led to the creation of a dominant language on the urarto - Hurrian substratum, originally in the territorial union, in the south of Urartu ; it was the future Armenian language . ^[3]