Mom jango

The self-name of the language, or dialect, django (mom jango) - ǹdáǹ jango ("jango language", literally "mouth of the jango"), self-name of the jango ethnic group - jangosú (in the singular), jango / jangoi / jangoyi (in the plural); the self-name of the language, or dialect, mom - ziri . Such variants of the name of the mom jango language, such as “faith”, “verre”, “uer” and “cobo” ^{[7] [12], are} also common.

According to the classifications presented in the directory of world languages Ethnologue and in the Great Russian Encyclopedia , the mom django language, together with the closest coma language, as well as the gimme and anthem languages, are included in the faith-gimme cluster of the vero-doyyo cluster of the woko-dooyo subgroup Duru groups of the Leko-Nimbari branch of the Adamava Adamava-Ubangi family ^{[5] [6]} .

In the classification of Adamawa -Ubangian languages ​​by R. Blench , presented in The Adamawa Languages , the language of mom django (faith) with dialects of mom django, momi and, possibly, koba, is included in the group of faith-dooyo branches of the fool ^[3] . In the classification published in An Atlas of Nigerian Languages , the dialects of Mom Django and Momi are presented as separate languages ​​of the faith cluster. Together with a cluster of coma languages, the faith languages ​​are included in the branch of the faith-fool ^[2] .

In the classification of W. Kleinewillinghöfer , published in the database of world languages , the Mom Django language together with the Vera Kaadam and North Atlantic faith, as well as the Comander language cluster, form the language unity of faith, which is consistently included in the following language associations: languages ​​of faith-gimme, languages ​​of northern Samba Duru, languages ​​Samba Duru, Central Adamavian languages, Cameroonian-Ubangian languages ​​and Northern Volta-Congolese languages. The latter, together with the languages ​​of Benue-Congo , Kru , Kwa Volta-Congo and others, form a union of Volta-Congolese languages ^[13] . According to W. Kleinewillinghöfer, despite the fact that the dialects of mom django have much in common in vocabulary , they differ significantly at the morphological and syntactic levels . The most isolated among them is the django dialect, which is opposed to the dialects of faith, common in the northern part of the , and the dialects of faith, common in the Faro Basin - wommu, nissim-ailim and koba-karim-dan. All of these three dialect groups, according to W. Kleinewillinghöfer, should be considered independent languages ^[12] .

According to the earlier generally accepted classification of J. Greenberg of 1955, the language of mom django (uere) is included in one of the 14 subgroups of the adamava adamava-ubangian family group along with the languages duru , namchi , kolbil , papa , sari , seve , uoko , kotopo and kutin ^{[4 ]} .

Area and number

The Mom Django language range is located in eastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon, in the area south of the Benue River. According to the modern administrative-territorial division of Nigeria , native speakers of the Mom Django language are mainly settled in the eastern part of the state of Adamawa - in the areas of , and . According to the administrative-territorial division of Cameroon, speakers of the Mom Django language inhabit the border areas with Nigeria in the commune of the Faro Department of the Northern Region ^{[1] [7]} .

From the west and partly from the northeast, the area of ​​the language mom django is bordered by the region of the dialect of Adamawa, the North Atlantic language Fula . From the south, the areas of closely related Adamava-Ubangian languages ​​are coma , samba-leko (leko, chamba-leko) and dooyo are adjacent to the area of ​​the Mom Jango language . To the east and north of the region of distribution of the Mom Jango language , the area of ​​the Central Chadian language is located. Inside the area of ​​the Mom Django is the area of ​​the small Adamava-Ubangi language VOM ^{[14] [15]} .

According to the data of 1982, the number of carriers of the language domo jango was 20,000 (16,000 in Nigeria and 4,000 in Cameroon) ^[7] . According to the information provided in the Ethnologue directory, the number of speakers of the Mom Django language in 2000 amounted to 110 520 people (104 000 in Nigeria and 6520 in Cameroon) ^[1] . According to current estimates of the website, the number of speakers of this language is 184,000 people, including 173,000 people in Nigeria and 11,000 people in Cameroon (2017) ^[16] .

Sociolinguistic Information

According to the Ethnologue website, with regard to the degree of preservation, the language Mom Django is considered as a stable language, since Mom Django is consistently used by representatives of the ethnic community of faith of all generations, including children. Some native speakers of Mom Jango also speak Fula in the Nigerian Fulfulde version. Django language has no standard form ^[1] .

Representatives of the people of faith, speaking in the name Django, mostly adhere to traditional beliefs (69%), some of them profess Christianity and Islam ^{[1] [16]} . According to the website of the organization faith, preserving the traditional religion, 60% of believers in Nigeria, 20% are Christians, 20% are Muslims; in Cameroon, Christians prevail among believers in the faith - 51%, adherents of traditional beliefs make up 34% of believers, Muslims - 15% ^{[17] [18]} .

Dialects

The language of mom django is a dialect bundle, traditionally divided into two dialect groups, which are sometimes regarded as independent languages. The dialect of the actual Mom Django, or Django , is also known as the “nuclear Mom Django,” the dialect of Momi is often referred to by the self-designation “Ziri” ^{[1] [7] [13]} .

U. Kleinevillinghöfer proposes to consider the dialects of Mom Jango as three independent languages ^[8] :

• Django (mom jango) with Django Dan-Vumba, Django Sonha and Django Nassarava-Coma (Nigeria);
• momi language (faith kaadam) - a dialect cluster of faith, including idioms of momi Yadim (Nigeria), batem, or momi Bati / faith Bati (Nigeria) and wokba, or faith wokba (Kassala-Voma, Cameroon);
• the language of the faith is the dialects of faith in the (Cameroon) - Wommu (Wongi), Nissim (Nissero), Ailim (Ogolo) and Koba, or Vera Kari (Comborough).

There is also a variant of grouping dialects of Mom Jango into five dialect-language clusters ^[9] :

• django (mom jango);
• cluster of faith (momi, faith kaadam);
• vommu (vongi);
• nissim-eilim;
• kobom, karum (faith kari), danum.

In one of the classifications, W. Kleinewillinghöfer classifies the Vomma dialect as the Momi language, and the North Alantic faith language, referred to as Kobom-Nissim, or Vere-Kari, includes five dialects — Koba, Karim, Dan, Eilim and Nissim ^{[19] ]} .

The writing of the mom jango language is based on the Latin alphabet . In 2011-2013, some fragments from the Bible were translated and published into this language ^[1] .

Numeral

In the mom jango language, the twenty- decimal number system is used .

Examples of numerals are from 1 to 30, tens, hundreds of 100 and 200, thousands of 1000 and 2000 (in the examples, an acute (′) indicates a high tone , grave (`) indicates a low tone, the average tone is not marked) ^[20] :

Languages ​​/ dialects of django and momi, as well as the languages coma , gimme and anthem closely related to them, which constitute the faith-gimme cluster , are poorly studied and almost undocumented languages ^[9] . In particular, the data on the django language are represented only by a small list of words collected by K. Strumpel more than a hundred years ago (the list was published in 1910) ^[12] . Significantly more information is available on the Momi language, researchers R. Blench and A. Edwards studied it, in 1988 they published a work on the Momi language The Momi (Vere) language of Nigeria (Yadim dialect): a draft dictionary . Comparative comparison of the vocabulary of the languages ​​Django and Moi with other languages ​​of the cluster to the faith-gimme in 2015 was presented by the German linguist U. Kleinevinglingher .

• Temple O. Notes on the tribes, provinces, emirates and states of the northern provinces of Nigeria / edited by . - Cape Town: Argus, 1919 .-- xiii + 577 p. - ISBN 5-7695-1445-0 . (Checked November 24, 2017)
• Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. - London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner , 1931. - 582 p.
• Blench R. , Edwards AC The Momi (Vere) language of Nigeria (Yadim dialect): a draft dictionary. Yola, Gongola State (Nigeria) . - Cambridge: Locally Published, 1988. - 112 p.
• Kleinewillinghöfer U. Gəmme - Vere and Doyayo Comparative Wordlists . - 2015. - 19 p. (Checked November 24, 2017)

• Mom Jango (English) (html). MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived November 24, 2017. (Checked November 24, 2017)
• OLAC resources in Mom Jango language (English) . Language-archives.org. Archived November 24, 2017. (Checked November 24, 2017)
• Words of Life - Vere (English) (html). . - Short audio Bible stories, songs and music. Archived November 24, 2017. (Checked November 24, 2017)
• Top Videos in the Mom Jango / Verre Language (English) (html). . Archived November 24, 2017. (Retrieved October 24, 2017)