Symphony No. 3 in E Flat Major, op. 55 (“Heroic”) is a symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven .
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Content
History of creation and execution
Originally, the symphony was written by Beethoven in honor of Napoleon , his fate and heroic activity, which was the idol of many of that generation. According to the testimony of friends, the first idea about her was thrown by French General J. B. Bernadotte , who arrived in Vienna in February 1798 as an ambassador of revolutionary France [2] . Written in 1803-1804 in Vienna.
Later, due to the disappointment in Napoleon’s policy (taking on the emperor’s title), Beethoven deleted his name from the symphony score without changing a single note [3] . Upon learning of the emperor’s exile to St. Helena , Beethoven said: “After inserting a funeral march into the symphony, I definitely had a premonition of a catastrophe” [2] .
The premiere of the symphony took place in Vienna on April 7, 1805 and took place in one concert with the symphony of Anton Eberl in E-flat major, op. 33, which the public accepted better than Beethoven’s work [4] .
In the first edition of 1806, the Third Symphony received the title “Heroic”, which was entrenched to it, and was dedicated to Prince Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowicz.
Band Composition
- Woodwind
- 2 flutes
- 2 oboes
- 2 clarinets (B)
- 2 bassoon
- 2 oboes
- Brass
- 3 French Horn (Es)
- 2 pipes (Es)
- Drums
- Timpani
- Strings
- Violin i and ii
- Altos
- Cello
- Double basses
- Altos
Parts
- Allegro con brio - a picture of a titanic, intense struggle.
- Funeral March, tragic climax.
- Scherzo, a kind of transition from tragedy to the cheerful atmosphere of the finale.
- Final, apotheosis. The heroic struggle ends with triumphant triumph.
Ratings and Impact
“It is somehow miraculous even among Beethoven’s works,” writes R. Rolland . - If in his subsequent work he moved on, then immediately he never took such a big step. This symphony is one of the great days of music. It opens up an era ” [5] . G. Berlioz wrote about this work: “I rarely had to meet in music an image of a sad mood in such a perfect form, in such noble expressions”. According to P.I. Tchaikovsky , it was only in the third symphony that “for the first time all the vast, amazing power of Beethoven’s creative genius was revealed.”
Alfred Hitchcock used a fragment of Beethoven's Heroic Symphony in his thriller “ Psycho ” during the scene when the heroine of Vera Miles searches the bedroom of Norman Bates , to which the filmmaker received an angry letter from one of the moviegoers, in which the lover of classical music called it “a direct insult to the composer and his composer. a weak attempt to prove that his music is suitable only for lunatics ” [6] .
Notes
- 2 1 2 Grove Music Online - ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0 - doi: 10.1093 / gmo / 9781561592630.article.40026
- ↑ 1 2 Korganov, 1997 .
- ↑ Beethoven. Symphony No. 3 (“Heroic”) (Symphony No. 3 (Es-dur), Op. 55, “Eroica”) . Belcanto.ru . The appeal date is August 12, 2017.
- ↑ I. Muravyov. Dedications to emperors : Interview with Alexander Rudin // Rossiyskaya Gazeta - Central Issue No. 4231, dated November 24, 2006
- ↑ The heroic symphony of Beethoven . www.beethoven.ru. The appeal date is August 12, 2017.
- Stephen Rebello. Hitchcock The horror generated by "Psycho" = Alphred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho / Trans. from English Y. Rybakova. - M .: Eksmo, 2013. - 320 p. - (Alfred Hitchcock. World-wide film premiere). - 4000 copies - ISBN 978-5-699-62661-8 .
Literature
- Vasily Korganov. Beethoven. Biographical study. - M .: Algorithm, 1997. - p. 157. - 814 p. - (Genius in art). - 5000 copies
- Romain Rolland Life of Beethoven / Trans. from French S. Semenovsky. - L .: The State Musical Publishing House (MUZGIZ), 1937. - 134 p. - 20 000 copies
Links
- An interactive resource dedicated to Symphony No. 3 (English)
- Symphony number 3 on Yandex. Music