Lev Andreevich Elnitsky ( 1907 , St. Petersburg , Russian Empire - 1979 ) - Soviet scientist, historian , prominent researcher of antiquity , a specialist in the field of history and geography of the ancient Black Sea coast, etruscology and early Rome. Translator . Memoirist .
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Biography
Born in the family of Andrei Epifanovich Yelnitsky, a historian and revolutionary figure. From 1916 he studied at the Penza Real School. In the early 1920s, he and his family moved to Moscow, and entered the First experimental and demonstration school. From 1926 he studied at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University . In the spring of 1927 - he left the university, deciding to devote himself to history and independently get an education in this field. Independently learned French, German, Latin and ancient Greek. As a future specialization chose an antique story.
In 1930 - Junior Researcher of the Moscow Historical Museum . Began to publish in a number of special magazines.
Member of the Great Patriotic War. In July 1941, he joined the people's militia despite the presence of armor and the state of health that did not meet army standards. In the fall of 1941, the entire battalion, where L. A. Elnitsky served, and which was not armed as a medical assistant , was captured under Yelnya .
In 1941-1945 worked as a translator in the camp of Soviet prisoners of war who repaired roads in the German rear.
In April 1945, he was freed from captivity in Berlin by Soviet troops and sent to a filtration camp in Goerlitz ( Czechoslovakia ). In the autumn of the same year he returned to Moscow. He could not get a permanent job and get food ration cards with the stigma of a prisoner of war. Freelance worked in the journal "Vedomosti Ancient History." Prepared to defend his thesis.
In March 1950, Lubyanka prison was arrested and imprisoned . In October, on charges of treason and anti-Soviet agitation, he was sentenced to 25 years in GULAG camps. In 1955, the sentence was revised and the term was reduced to 10 years. Then, released under an amnesty, with the removal of a criminal record.
In 1956-1979 Due to the lack of a diploma of higher education, as well as rehabilitation, L. A. Elnitsky closed the opportunity to enter the staff of scientific institutions. For most of his life, he remained a freelancer in the journal "Herald of Ancient History."
Scientific Activities
Author of several monographs and a large number of articles on various issues of ancient history, history of the ancient world, as well as translations of ancient texts.
The range of scientific interests of L. A. Elnitsky is very wide. This is the historical geography of the Northern Black Sea region , the Bronze Age , the history of slavery in ancient Rome , ancient ideology and mythology , Etruscan culture , Scythology , early Christianity , epigraphy . Most of his articles were published in the journal " Herald of Ancient History " - he has been an employee of this magazine since its inception. Some articles were published in the journals " Soviet Archeology ", " Questions of History ", as well as in encyclopedias: TSB , Soviet historical encyclopedia , etc.
In addition, he wrote and put in the table "Three Circles of Memories" - about the captivity, about the camp and about his scientific work.
Selected Publications
- Monographs:
- Knowledge of the ancients about the northern countries. M .: Geografgiz , 1961.
- The oldest ocean swimming. M .: Geografgiz, 1962.
- The emergence and development of slavery in Rome in the VIII — III centuries. BC er M .: " Science ", 1964.
- Scythia of the Eurasian steppes. Novosibirsk: "Science", 1977.
- Memoirs:
- War and captivity. M., 2012.
- Camp diary. M., 2013.
- On the porch of the temple of science. M., 2014.
Translated "Scythica et Caucasica" and 2 treatises from the "Moralium" of Plutarch :
- Instructions on state management // Bulletin of ancient history. 1978. No. 3-4.
- Why the deity is slow with retribution // Bulletin of ancient history, 1979, № 1.
- Articles
- Greece (Ancient) / Kolobova K.M. (historical sketch), Elnitsky L.A. (Education and Enlightenment), Losev A.F. (Religion and Mythology), Gaidenko V.P. (Philosophy), Pikus N.N. (Natural-science views), L. Elnitsky (Geography, Historical science, Music), I. Tronsky (Literature), V. Golovnya (Theater), G. I. Sokolov (Architecture, visual and decorative arts and crafts), Tronsky IM (study of ancient Greek culture. Introduction, literature Study), Losev AF (Study of philosophy), Frolov, ED (Exploring history) Sidorova NA (Study and kusstva). // Gogol - Debit. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, v. 7).