Nikolai Mikhailovich Rukin ( 1820 or 1821 [Comm. 1] - March 25 [ April 7 ] 1870 ; Mangyshlak ; Russian Empire ) - lieutenant colonel of the Russian army. Member of Khiva (1839-1840) and Caucasian campaigns.
| Nikolai Mikhailovich Rukin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1820 or 1821 | |||
| Date of death | March 25 ( April 7 ) 1870 | |||
| A place of death | Mangyshlak , Russian Empire | |||
| Affiliation |  Russian empire | |||
| Type of army | infantry | |||
| Years of service | 1841-1870 | |||
| Rank | lieutenant colonel | |||
| Battles / wars | Khiva campaign (1839-1840) Caucasian war The suppression of the Adaev rebellion (1870) | |||
| Awards and prizes |
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He died during an expedition to the steppe on the Mangyshlak peninsula for the introduction of new administrative reforms during the Adaev rebellion in 1870, while repeating the same mistake that Captain Bekovich-Cherkassky , who once made during the Khiva campaign in 1717 , died with his squad in the same circumstances [2] [3] [4] [5] .
Biography
Came from the nobles of the Orenburg province . Orthodox religion. He was educated at the Orenburg Neplyuev Military School [1] .
On May 6 , 1839, he entered the service as a non-commissioned officer with a length of service of three months for a private soldier in the Orenburg line battalion No. 5. In the same year he took part in the Khiva expedition led by Adjutant General V. A. Perovsky . On January 4 , 1840, he was promoted to warrant officer, and on May 13 , 1841, to warrant officer. On September 22 of the same year he was approved as a battalion adjutant and was in it until February 17 , 1844. In the same year he was seconded to the Brest Infantry Regiment , in which he took part in the hostilities against the Highlanders . On February 2 - 4 , as part of the detachment of Colonel Richter, he participated in offensive operations against the Temirgaevites . On April 13 , 1846, he was sent to the Orenburg Neplyuevsky cadet corps "for service", and on October 17 he was transferred from the Orenburg Linear No. 5 to No. 1 battalion. July 16 , 1848 he was transferred to the reserve battalion of the Ladoga Jaeger Regiment (arrived on December 3 ). April 4 of the following year he was promoted to assignment [1] .
On April 10 , 1850, he was appointed acting brigade adjutant of the reserve brigade of the 4th Infantry Division . In connection with the dissolution of the reserve battalions in the same year, he was transferred to the reserve battalion of the Ladoga Jäger Regiment on December 20 . On October 6 , 1851, after sorting out reserve battalions, he was assigned to the Ladoga Jaeger Regiment, and on November 15 he was transferred to the Orenburg Linear No. 2 battalion (arrived on January 16 , 1852). From April 17, 1852 to February 13 , 1853 he served as battalion adjutant. July 23, 1852 he was promoted to headquarters captain with the transfer to the Orenburg Linear No. 5 battalion. {{SK | May 15, 1853 was appointed parade ground adjutant of the Orsk fortress . June 17 , 1856 was transferred to the Orenburg Linear No. 2 battalion. On June 20 of the following year he received the rank of captain, and on June 28 he was appointed acting head of the Orsk parade ground [1] .
From February 6 , 1858, he was an official of special assignments under the command of the Syr-Darya line (in 1865 it was transformed into the Turkestan region , and in 1867 into the Turkestan governor general ) Colonel N. A. Verevkin with abandonment by the army infantry [1] . September 22, 1861 was promoted to majors [6] , and August 21, 1864 - to lieutenant colonels [7] . In 1869, he led expeditionary forces against Kazakh rebels who opposed the introduction of new reforms in the Turgai and Ural regions [8] . In 1870 he was appointed Mangyshlak bailiff [7] and sent to the Alexander Fort , to introduce a temporary position on Mangyshlak [9] .
Doom
March 15 , 1870 Rukin with a horseback of fifty Ural Cossacks in number of 42 people made from the Alexander Fort . Despite the assurances of the local biys who warned him of such a risky expedition, since the uprising had already covered most of Mangyshlak, Rukin was confident that fifty Cossacks would be enough to “punish the rebels” and introduce a new administrative position [10] [11] .
However, on March 22, Rukin’s detachment was surrounded by several hundred rebels. After the shootout, the detachment, turning back, went to the mountain range of Aktau , behind which was the Alexander Fort. However, by that time a new party had joined the rebels, who had come from the Buzachi Peninsula and occupied the gorge. The total number of Adaev rebels has already reached 5 thousand people. By order of Rukin, the Russian detachment threw tents, food, camels, riding horses, and, climbing the ledge of the mountain, settled down for the night. The rebels, in turn, spread out the lights, drove around [10] [11] .
In the morning, Rukin entered into negotiations with the Adaev leader Sardar Isa Tlenbaev. The latter demanded that the entire Russian detachment disarm, and only in this case would he let him back into the fort, even returning to the detachment all his horses and camels. The Cossacks flatly refused to comply with these requirements, but Rukin insisted on fulfilling the requirements of the Sardar in a strict order form. The Cossacks reconciled and, saying goodbye to each other, laid down their arms. Immediately after this, on a conditional signal from Tlenbayev, armed Adaevites jumped out of an ambush and attacked the Cossacks. Some of the latter, having hidden checkers in trousers, offered stubborn resistance, but were chopped up or captured with heavy wounds [11] . Rukin, realizing his mistake, grabbed his revolver and shot himself [10] [12] . At that moment, when he fell, Tlenbaev managed to jump up to him, who cut his head with a saber [10] .
The scalp was taken from Rukin’s head and, together with his horse, was sent to the Khiva khan Muhammad-Rahim [13] .
Manufacturing
- entered service (05/06/1839) - non-commissioned officer with a length of service of 3 months for an ordinary .
- sword-warrant officer (04/01/1840)
- ensign (05/13/1841)
- second lieutenant (10/06/1843)
- lieutenant (04.04.1849)
- staff captain (07/23/1852)
- captain (06/20/1857)
- major (09/22/1861)
- lieutenant colonel (08.21.1864)
Rewards
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Family
He is married with a second marriage to Iraida, the daughter of an official Antip Novikov. [1]
- Children
- Michael (born 05.25.1858)
- Mary (born 11/12/1859)
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ As of January 28, 1859, Rukin was 38 years old [1] .
- Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 RGVIA .
- ↑ Potto, 1900 , p. 126.
- ↑ Terentyev, 2010 , p. 167.
- ↑ Artsishevsky A.F., Chansky I.A. Mikhail Mikhail Skobelev. A sketch of his activities during the Akhal-Tekin expedition of 1880-1881. // Russian antiquity . - SPb. : Type. V.S. Balasheva , 1883.- T. 38 , No. 5 . - S. 413 .
- ↑ Pochekaev R. Yu. Memory of the expedition of A. Bekovich-Cherkassky in Russian-Khiva relations of the 18th-19th centuries // The New Past / The New Past. - Rostov n / A: SFU , 2016. - No. 1 . - S. 136-137 . - ISSN 2500-3224 .
- ↑ List of Majors, 1864 , p. 378.
- ↑ 1 2 List of lieutenant colonels, 1870 , p. 169.
- ↑ Tursunova, 1977 , p. 76.
- ↑ Potto, 1900 , p. 121.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Potto, 1900 , p. 123-127.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tursunova, 1977 , p. 80-82.
- ↑ Tursunova, 1958 , p. 45–46.
- ↑ Yudin, 1894 , p. 147.
Literature
- Potto V.A. The death of Rukin's detachment in 1870 // Historical Bulletin . - SPb. , 1900. - No. 7 . - S. 110-135 .
- RGVIA . F. 1433. Op. 1. D. 6. L. 3–9 (on January 28, 1859), 91–96 (on 1860) (Formular list of the service and dignity of Captain Rukin, who is under the command of the Syr-Darya line for errands).
- Rukin, Nikolai Mikhailovich // List of majors by seniority. - Fixed on June 3, 1864. - SPb. : Military type., 1864. - S. 369.
- Rukin, Nikolai Mikhailovich // List of senior lieutenant colonels. - Fixed on February 1, 1870. - SPb. : Military type., 1870. - S. 169.
- Terentyev M.A. Khiva Campaigns of the Russian Army . - M .: Veche, 2010 .-- 446 p. - (Fire and sword). - ISBN 978-5-9533-5068-6 .
- Tursunova M. S. Kazakhs Mangyshlak in the second half of the XIX century. / Ans. ed.S.Z. Zimanov . - Alma-Ata: Science of the Kazakh SSR, 1977 .-- 182 p.
- Tursunova M. S. On the question of the rebellion of Kazakh Adaites in Mangyshlak in 1870 // News of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR: A Series of History, Archeology and Ethnography = Kazakh SSR Kylym Academy of the Sons Khabarlary. - Alma-Ata: Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR , 1958. - Issue. 1 (6) .
- Yudin P. L. Adaevsky rebellion on the Mangyshlak peninsula in 1870 // Russian Antiquity / Ed. S.P. Zykov . - SPb. : Type. “Public Benefit,” 1894. - T. 82 , no. 7 . - S. 135-156 .