Chagytay [3] (Dzhagytay-Kul [4] , Tuv. Chagytay khl ) is a lake in the central part of Tuva , the deepest and largest freshwater lake of the Tuva basin [1] . It is located approximately 70 km south of Kyzyl , at the foot of the northern slope of the Vostochny Tannu-Ola ridge at an altitude of 1005 m above sea level [5] [6] . The coordinates of the midpoint are 51 ° 00 'north. latitude, 94 ° 43 'East longitude. It is part of the Chagytaysky reserve [7] . The surface area is 28.6 [4] km². The catchment area is 184 [4] km².
| Lake | |
| Chagytai | |
|---|---|
| Tuv. Chagytay Khul | |
 View of the lakes from the steep shore | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 1005 m |
| Square | 28.6 km² |
| Coastline | 20 km |
| Deepest | 17 [1] m |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 184 km² |
| Flowing river | Mazhalyk |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Tuva |
| Area | Tandinsky Leather |
IUCN Category IV (Species or Habitat Management Territory) | |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
General characteristics
It is located in the central part of the Tandinsky kozhuun, 15 km east of the village of Durgen and 25 km west of the village of Balgazyn [7] . The bottom is sandy and pebble, the shores are mostly flat, in some places stony, in some places sandy, in the southeast the coast is marshy and low. The coastline reaches almost 20 km [8] . From the southeast side of the lake flows the only small river Mazhalyk , which, beyond Balgazin, flows into the tributary of Buren - the Soya river [6] [9] . Thus, the river belongs to the basin of the Small Yenisei [4] .
Ichthyofauna
The ichthyofauna of the lake is represented by four faunal complexes:
- Boreal freshwater piedmont complex: common minnow , Siberian golsey , sculpin .
- Arctic freshwater complex - peled .
- Boreal freshwater plain complex - ide , pike , carp , gudgeon , spike
- Pontic freshwater complex - bream .
Migratory paths of juvenile fish to feeding and wintering places pass in the lake. The main areas of spawning grounds of especially valuable, valuable and other commercial fish species, places of mass feeding of their juveniles, as well as fish-wintering pits are absent
An ide, a pike, a peled, a bream, a carp are fish species that are not characteristic of the aquatic fauna of Tuva and are bred in the lake by humans. However, the fact that the lake was drained led to the ingress into the basin of the Small Yenisei (as a result of the entire Upper Yenisei ) peled and bream, which were previously absent in the Upper Yenisei due to the presence in the Sayan Canyon, now flooded by the Sayan-Shushensky reservoir . The bream poses a serious threat to local fish species ( grayling , dace , taimen , whitefish , lenok ), as it feeds on their eggs and is a significant competitor. Commercial fishing is organized on the lake; catches annually amount to 500-700 centners. The basis of the fish’s food base is “mainly zoobenthos, by the dominant organisms, among which are the larvae of chironomids, caddis flies, mayflies, springflies and other insects.
Man-made influence
You can get to the lake by road, the turn to which from the M54 federal highway Yenisei is in front of the village of Balgazyn. Every year, during dust storms, people die on the lake.
In accordance with the order of the Federal Agency for Fisheries Art. September 17, 2009, No. 818 “On establishing the category of water bodies of fishery importance and the specifics of catching aquatic biological resources that inhabit them and are classified as fishing objects”, it was recommended that Lake Chagytai be classified as a water body of the first category of fishery value.
Near the northwestern shore of the lake is the Chagytayskoye loam occurrence suitable for brick production and representing a 3.4–4 km² bed, composed of brown and dark brown loams 1.5–19.5 m thick and crushed sandy loam (upper layer of the stratum with a thickness of 0.5-2.5 m). Estimated resources - 30 million m³. Overburden: lake-alluvial pebbles, sand and sandy loam (thickness 0-10 m), distributed mainly to the south-east and north-west of Lake Chagytay [1] .
Security
On July 17, 1995, on the base of Lake Chagytay, the Chagytaysky biohydrological reserve of regional significance was formed with an area of 5350 ha. The territory of the reserve includes Lake Chagytay with a three-kilometer coastal strip, expanding within the floodplain of the Mazhalyk River to five kilometers [7] .
Interesting Facts
In 1994, the lake was visited by the first president of Russia B.N. Yeltsin [10]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 DRAFT Investment passport of MUNICIPAL EDUCATION “TANDINIAN KOZHUUN of the Republic of Tuva” . tandy-kozhuun.ru. Date of treatment April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 16. Angaro-Yenisei district. Vol. 1. Yenisei / ed. G. S. Karabaev. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1967 .-- 823 p.
- ↑ Chagytay // Dictionary of names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries - members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. - M .: Kartgeotsentr - Geodezizdat, 1999 .-- S. 409. - ISBN 5-86066-017-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 State Water Register . Chagytay . textual.ru . Ministry of Environment of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- ↑ Map sheet M-46-34 Pine . Scale: 1: 100,000. 1981 Edition.
- ↑ 1 2 Map sheet M-46-XI Bai Haak . Scale: 1: 200 000. Indicate the date of issue / condition of the area .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chagytaysky Neopr . oopt.aari.ru. Date of treatment April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Generous Chagytai (Inaccessible link - history ) . school-sector.relarn.ru. Date of treatment April 23, 2016.
- ↑ Map sheet M-46-XII Balgazyn . Scale: 1: 200 000. Indicate the date of issue / condition of the area .
- ↑ Unexpected visit of Yeltsin