Maale Adumim

The name "Maale Adumim" literally means in Hebrew, "Red Rise." In biblical times, this was the name of an important trade and military route that climbed from Jericho to Jerusalem along a mountain corridor through an area of ​​cliffs that have a reddish color due to the phosphate content in the rock (cf. Arabic. Tal'at a dam) . This corridor is mentioned twice in the book of Joshua in connection with the definition of the boundary between the allotments of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin ( Nav. 15: 7 , 18:17 ). The “Red Rise” is designated there as passing south of the “Gorge” (with a definite article, that is, as the “Main Gorge”), which is usually identified with the Prat Gorge (Arabic. “Wadi El Kelt”), which does not dry out and is the most water-bearing in the region.

The history of the city began after the Doomsday War , when a group of settlers organized in Jerusalem settled in a small, elevated area located next to Mishor Adumim and now called “Givat ha-Meyasdim” (“Founders' Hill”). The first residential buildings were built there in 1975. In 1979, the settlement received the official status of a local council from the Government of Israel and began to expand into the territory that the city occupies today. In 1991, Maale Adumim officially received the status of a city council - it was the first modern Jewish city built on the territory of Judea and Samaria . At that time, 15,500 people lived in it. In 1997, the settlement of the new urban area “Tsemah ha-Sade” began, and in 1999 a large shopping center “Adumim Canyon” was opened. In 2000, the construction of the new Nofei Sela district began, which later became the largest and most populated urban area. Since 1992, Beni Kashriel has been elected mayor of Maale Adumim.

There are a number of historical attractions in the city, including the ruins of an ancient fortress. The place itself is mentioned even in ancient Egyptian sources under the name "Adam" and in the book of Joshua (15: 7). The settlement existed here, obviously, in all historical periods, and the fortress was built by the crusaders and was called "Castel Rouge" (that is, the "Red Fortress"). The fortification was not destroyed, and the Ayyub ruler Saladin later rebuilt it and used it. In Turkish times there was a police station, subsequently blown up by the British. Prior to the Six Day War, Jordan (which had occupied this region since 1948) held a military post there.

In our time, during the construction of the modern city, the impressive ruins of the monastery of St. Martius of Byzantine times with a huge multi-color mosaic floor were discovered, and a little lower than the monastery - a monastery oil press with well-preserved bathtubs and gutters for olive oil. In Misor Adumim are the ruins of the Lavra of St. Euthymius , ^[3] founded in 428 by one of the first Christian monks in the Judean desert. Here are the remains of the church, monastic cells, crypt, mosaic and well.

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel , the population at the beginning of 2018 was 37,817 people ^[4] .

In terms of population, the city takes 55th place among all the settlements of Israel ^[5] and 3rd place in the districts of Judea and Samaria . Most Maale Adumim residents work in Jerusalem and in the industrial zone of Misor Adumim.

Maale Adumim is located on the border between the Judean mountains and the Judean desert . The terrain is hilly, with a difference in elevation from 250 (Mishor-Adumim) to 450 (the “Pri Megadim” area) meters above sea level. Many streets offer scenic views: in the north and west are the mountains of Jerusalem, among which Mount Scopus and Mount of Olives stand out especially; in the south and east - charming desert landscapes right up to the Moab Plateau in Jordan . Despite the hot and dry climate, Maale Adumim is a very green city, with many parks, alleys, a system of pedestrian and bicycle paths crossing the streets through tunnels and bridges.

• "Avney ha-Khoshen" - the streets of this area are called gems. The old Kikar Yaalom shopping center is located here.
• “Ha-Nehalim” - the streets of this area are named after Israeli streams in the Judean desert . Here is located the first synagogue in the city , "Or ha-Torah." Also here are the ruins of the monastery of St. Martirius.
• “Clay Shire” - the streets of this area are named after biblical musical instruments .
• " Mahanaim " is the area in which mainly Russian-speaking religious Jews live. Here is one of the few Russian-speaking synagogues in Israel.
• “Mitspe Nevo” is an area inhabited mainly by English-speaking religious Jews. At the entrance there is a sign asking you not to enter the area on Shabbat . Here is the yeshiva “Birkat Moshe”.
• "Ha-Metsadim" - the streets of this area are called citadels and fortresses. This is an area of ​​villas and cottages, known for its high standard of living.
• "Mesua" - the streets of this area are named after the mountains.
• “Under Megadim” (also called district 03) - the streets of this region bear the names of famous phrases and expressions from the Song of Songs .
• "Tsemah ha-Sade" (also called district 06) - the streets of this district are named after plants.
• “Nofey Sela” (also called district 07) - the streets of this district are named after stones and rock types. The only urban area in which high-rise construction is carried out. In 2017, a new shopping center was opened here.
• “Mishor-Adumim” is an industrial zone located 2 km east of the city. About 340 enterprises and small businesses operate here ^[6] , including plants for metal processing, food production, building materials, textiles; printing houses, garages and carpentry workshops. There is also a shopping center and city cemetery.

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  Avney Hoshen

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  Ha-Nehalim

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  "Clay Shire"

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  Mahanaim

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  Mitspe Nevo

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  HaMetzadim

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  Mesua

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  "Under Megadim"

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  "Tsemah ha-Sad"

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  "Nofey Sela"

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  "Derech ha-Guy"

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  Hash Mishpah Park

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  Mitzpe Edna

Maale Adumim is located on the highway   connecting Tel Aviv , Jerusalem and the Dead Sea . Also near the city there is a road   leading to east jerusalem . Four entrances lead to the city: two - from the Adumim traffic intersection ( highway 1 ) to the city center; one - from highway 1 to the Nofei Sela district and one to the Nofei Sela district from the industrial zone of Mishor-Adumim. There are no traffic lights inside Maale Adumim, and roundabouts are organized at intersections. At the main exit from the city, a large parking lot was opened, where you can park your car and change to buses for Jerusalem.

Passenger traffic is carried out by the bus company Egged Taavura .

• City bus routes between Maale Adumim and Jerusalem: No. 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 167, 168, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178.

• City bus route No. 23 between Maale Adumim and the industrial zone Misor Adumim.
• City bus route number 28 is between Maale Adumim and the nearby Keidar settlement.
• Intercity bus routes connecting Maale Adumim with Tel Aviv , Be'er Sheva and Ariel .

Maale Adumim is included in the same tariff zone with Jerusalem and Mevaseret Zion .

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  Road to jerusalem

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  Transport Interchange Adumim

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  One of the entrances to the city

The city has 21 schools and 78 kindergartens. Among the city's educational institutions are Dekel Vilnai ORT College, Aviation and Space College of Technology, Yeshiva Birkat Moshe, and Teacher Training Center. Twice Maale Adumim received the prize of the Ministry of Education of Israel for achievements in this field. According to the ministry, if an average of 68.2% of school graduates receive a certificate of maturity ( “bagrut” ), then in Maale Adumim this figure is 85.4%. Another significant indicator suggests that 95.6% of graduates of local schools are called up for service in the IDF . ^[7]

• Art Museum of Castell ^[8] . The museum exhibits the works of Israeli artist Moshe Castel , of different periods of his work. The museum building was designed by the famous Brazilian and Israeli architect David Reznik .
• Archaeological Park "Martirius" - the ruins of the monastery of St. Martyrus (V-VII centuries).
• The ruins of the monastery of St. Euthymius (V c.) In Mishor Adumim.
• Palace of Culture and Philharmonic. Performances by Israeli and foreign artists are taking place here, including tours by Russian artists.
• City library, including a department of books in Russian.
• Decoration by designer Mikhail Yakhilevich of the synagogue of Mahanaim .
• Yitzhak Shamir Park (Shamir Park) with an artificial lake.

The city is described in the works of the Israeli Russian-speaking writer Dina Rubina , who had long lived in Maale Adumim. In 2017, in the Maale Adumim with great success, the Moscow circus tent went on tour.

The weekly local newspaper Zman Maale (Vremya Maale) is published in the city. In the Russian-language weekly newspaper Our Jerusalem, the deputy mayor of the city, Boris Grosman, conducts a regular column in which he talks about events taking place in the city. You can also find out about this on his Facebook page .

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  Mikhail Yakhilevich . Stained glass front wall of the synagogue of Mahanaim

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  Art Museum Castell

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  Archaeological Park Martirius

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  The ruins of the monastery of St. Euthymius in Mishor Adumim

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  Viewpoint Mount Scopus , Jerusalem

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  City pool

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  Artificial lake in the Shamir park at the entrance to the city

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  Poster in Russian on a city street

•   Williamsport , PA
•   Dryanovo

• Mahanaim

• "Ma'ale-Adummim" - an article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia