Serra do Caximbo ( port. Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo ) is a in Brazil , in the state of Para . It is located in the Amazon rainforest region, transitional to the savannah serrado zone. It experiences a strong negative impact on the part of the person due to the proximity of the BR-163 highway.
| Serra do Caximbo | |
|---|---|
| port. Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo | |
| IUCN Category - Ia (Strict Nature Reserve) | |
| basic information | |
| Square | 3421 km² (342 192 ha) |
| Established | May 20, 2005 |
| Management organization | Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| State | Couple |
| Nearest town | Alta Floresta |
Content
Description
Serra do Caximbo Biological Reserve is located in the state of Para , in the municipalities of Altamira and Novo Progreso [1] . It covers an area of 3421 km² (342 192 ha) [2] . From the east, the Indian territories of Mencragnoti and Panara adjoin it [3] .
The relief is mountainous, with a height above sea level of 250 to 740 meters. As a result of erosion, numerous ridges and ravines formed. In the north of the reserve there are steep cliffs that form rapids and waterfalls. The Cristalino and São Bento rivers originating in the Basin of the Tapajos , as well as Agua Fria , Flèche , Nilan , , , , and Iriiri , part of Serra do Cascimbu Shingu Basin [1] . About 11% of the reserve area is located within the Tapazhosa basin, and 89% is included in the Shingu basin [4] .
The average annual air temperature is 22 ° C, ranging from 18 ° to 35 ° C. Annual precipitation is about 2000 mm [1] . In the north of the biological reserve, a humid tropical climate dominates, with high temperature and rainfall all year round. In the south, the climate is tropical, with a distinct dry season [4] .
Biodiversity
Serra do Caximbo is located in the rain forests of the Amazon , ecoregions of the rainforests of Tapajosa Shingu and the [5] , in the transition zone to the savannah of the serrado zone. The vegetation is very diverse, typical of open rain, seasonal, alluvial, and foothill forests, alternating with sections of rupestre and buritizais [4] . An endemic species of Encyclia caximboensis orchids was found [1] .
The reserve is home to several rare species of mammals, such as a jaguar ( Panthera onca ), ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ), oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus ), long-tailed cat ( Leopardus wiedii ), Brazilian otter ( Pteronura brasiliensis ), giant anteater, Myrme tridmerid armadillo ( Priodontes maximus ) and white-faced koata ( Ateles marginatus ), endemic to the rainforests of Tapajosa-Shingu [1] .
The diversity of the terrain and the richness of the flora support large bird populations and favor endemism. A -belt migrates through Serra do Caximba Mimus triurus ]. In total, there are 409 species of birds in the reserve, among them the endangered hyacinth macaw ( Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ), the crested hermit eagle ( Harpyhaliaetus coronatus ), the Pteroglossus bitorquatus ], and the red-backed araus ( Primus aaraetanius ), and ; other species of birds - , ( Lepidothrix nattereri ) and ( Tangara nigrocincta ) [1] .
The reserve is inhabited by a number of amphibian species typical of the Amazonian jungle, such as , Hyla wavrini and the ( Osteocephalus taurinus ). Found and , more common in cerrado [1] .
Among reptiles, lizards Gonatodes eladioi , Bachia flavescens and Anolis punctatus , snake coral curtailed ( Anilius scytale ), dog-headed boa constrictor ( Corallus caninus ) and [1] are .
Reserve fauna: 1 - jaguar , 2 - white-faced koata , 3 - hyacinth macaw , 4 - crested hermit eagle , 5 - dog-headed boa | ||||||||||
Threats
The biological reserve of Serra do Caximbo was created on May 20, 2005 [2] and is classified as IUCN Ia (strict natural reserve) [3] . The governing body is [2] . The purpose of creating a conservation zone is to preserve a unique site of the Amazonian jungle and diverse flora and fauna without direct human intervention, with the exception of measures to restore and maintain the integrity of ecosystems [1] . The management plan was approved on September 4, 2009, the advisory board was created on November 8, 2011. Serra do Caximbo was considered as a priority object among the first projects on large-scale protection of the Amazon region [4] .
By the time the reserve was created in 2005, for about 15 years it supported permanent settlements of farmers from the state of Mato Grosso , settled in 94 plots [4] . As of 2015, about 200 families lived in Serra do Caximbo [6] . Settlers cut down and exported a huge amount of mahogany , thereby creating a fragmented vulnerable landscape. By 2013, about 264 km² of the reserve was deforested, making it one of the most destroyed conservation sites in the Brazilian Amazon [4] . Serra do Caximbo is severely affected by illegal hunting and fishing. Abandoned mining areas with a total area of 325 ha negatively affect water quality. On the western edge of the reserve, two small hydroelectric power stations were built. All of these threats are compounded by the proximity of the highway route from Santarem to Cuiaba [4] .
In August 2015, Senator proposed dividing the reserve into a 1,600 km² national park open for tourists to visit and a 1,800 km² environmental protection zone ( port Área de proteção ambiental ), within which the locals could legally engage in animal husbandry and growing crops [6] . In April 2017, a bill was proposed to reduce the area of a number of Amazonian protected areas; It was proposed to reduce Serra do Caximbo by 1800 km² and turn it into Área de proteção ambiental [7] . Both initiatives did not receive sufficient support for entry into force [8] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unidade de Conservação: RESERVA BIOLÓGICA NASCENTES SERRA DO CACHIMBO (port) (inaccessible link - history ) . MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Date of treatment November 13, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rebio Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo (port.) (Inaccessible link) . Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Date of treatment November 13, 2017. Archived May 12, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Reserva Biológica Nascentes Serra Do Cachimbo in Brazil . ProtectedPlanet. Date of treatment November 13, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 REBIO Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo (port) . ISA: Instituto Socioambiental. Date of treatment November 13, 2017.
- ↑ Map of ecoregions . Ecoregions 2017 (2017). Date of treatment November 13, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Projeto quer extinguir Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo (port) . ((o)) eco (08.26.2015). Date of treatment November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Sue Branford. Brazil moves to cut Amazon conservation units by 1.2 million hectares . Mongabay (04.19.2017). Date of treatment November 16, 2017.
- ↑ Jenny Gonzales. Norway vexed as Brazil sends mixed message on Amazon forest protection . Mongabay (06/27/2017). Date of treatment November 16, 2017.
Links
- Photos of Serra do Caximbo (port.) . ISA: Instituto Socioambiental. Date of treatment November 14, 2017.