Parspatunik

Suren Yeremyan identified Parspatunik with Basolopeda ^{[3] [9]} , although there is another version according to which Basolopeda is identical to the historical area Vaspurakan ^[10] and was located west of Lake Urmia . ^[eleven]

Robert Hewsen ( RH Hewsen ) has Parpatunik between the Araks River (from the north) and the Kara-Su (from the east) and the Parthian kingdom in the south. ^[4] In the north, along the Araks River , the principality bordered Ashkharas (provinces) of Artsakh , Syunik and Ayrarat , in the west with the Principality of Amatunik and Nor-Shirakan Province (Parskayik), in the east with Paytakaran Province (Kask). Some authors emphasize, however, that the present-day Karadag region (with a territory of approximately 200 × 200 km) is considerably larger in size than the territory controlled by the rulers of Parspatunik. ^[12]

The modern historical region Parspatunik in Karadag is located on the territory of Iran and was abandoned by the majority of the Armenian population during the repatriation period of 1946-1947. A large number of monuments of Armenian architecture are preserved in the region. ^[13] According to the perceptions of the Armenians who lived here before the repatriation, Karadag was part of the Gavar Parspatunik Vaspurakan rule. ^[14]

The remaining Armenian population of Parspatunik ( Karadag ) is concentrated in a mountainous region, on the border of the Iranian provinces ( stop ) Ardabil and East Azerbaijan ^{[15] [16]} .

In antiquity, the main territory of Parspatunik (present-day Karadag ) was part of the Scythian state-tribal entity Ishkuz in the territories of Eastern Transcaucasia (present-day Republic of Azerbaijan) and north-west present. Iran ^[17] . In the western part of Parspatunik, Marand , the center of the ancient region of Sangibutu Ulhu was located ^{[18] [19]} . Then these areas were part of the kingdom Biaynili (Arartu, Urartu). Subsequently again found themselves in the power of the Scythians. Later became part of the Mussel . After the division of the empire of Alexander of Macedon , Parpatunik became part of the Atropaten Mussel . ^[6]

After Artashes I had achieved complete independence of Great Armenia from the Seleucids , the parrot of Atropatenian Medes was seized in the Eastern campaign at Atropotena and annexed to the Armenian kingdom of Artashes I. ^{[3] [20] [21]} From this point on, the region began to Armenize, as a result of which the autochthonous Matian tribes remained by that time [3] [4]

[5] [6] .

After the first Alan campaign in 72, Tsar Trdat I resettled part of the population of Parspatunik, which turned out to be in fact not loyal to Arshakids, in the central regions of Armenia and turned the region into governorship. It should be noted that the resettlement was carried out in a special political situation, when the rulers of Armenia (Trdat I), Atropotenes ( Pacor II ) and the Persian shahins (Vologenz I ) were brothers ( Wonon II children) and acted together against the "northern" neighbors. This resettlement contributed both to strengthening the Armenization of the region, and to strengthening the Armenization of the resettled local leaders, from whom the Nakharar clans of Amatuni and Aravelyan came out. ^{[6] The} princely clan Parpatuni was descended along the same line from the Scythian kings, and on the second line came from the Matien kings Sangibutu . The population of Parspatunik mainly consisted of Iranian tribes, Atropotenian Medes. The Armenian population was concentrated in the cities and in the mountain villages near the fortresses, where its remains have survived to this day in modern Iran . ^{[22] The} similar ethnic composition of the population of Parspatunik explains the fact that despite his vast possessions, Naharar Parpatuni sent only 50 cavalry soldiers to the army of the Tsar of Great Armenia. Also this fact, recorded in Zoranamak , shows us that the Iranian tribes were not subject to military service in the Armenian kingdom and did not carry out permanent military service.

Becoming princes, naharary Parspatun united ^{[ specify ]} under his authority, the parish of Gavara (region) and Marand, having elected the center of Maranda Bakurakert (Greco-Roman Philadelphia) as its capital.

By its geographical position, Parspatunik found himself on the border between Armenia and the Parthian kingdom by the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century AD. in connection with the absorption of Atropotenes by the Sassanids. After the division of the Armenian kingdom in 387 between the Sassanian and Roman empires, one should speak of the emergence of Persian Armenia (part Persian Armenia ) (part of Armenia under the Sassanid rule), which should not be confused with the province of Persian Armenia ( Parskaike ) to the west of Lake Urmia . ^{[4] [23]} The first, at least for some periods of time, enjoyed some autonomy. ^[23] Then, at a later time, under the rule of the Arab Caliphate , the region is no longer included within the borders of the Armenian principality of Vaspurakan. ^{[24] [25]} The population of Parspatunik was significantly Islamized during the Caliphate . ^[22]

By the 16th century, Karadag and Marand were recorded as, respectively, semi-independent and specific (ulke) sultanates of the Safavid state . ^[26]

• Petrosyan S. G., Paitkaran and Parspatnik in the third quarter of the 1st century AD (Փայտակարանը եւ Պարսպատունիքը մ. թ. I դարի երրորդ քառորդում) // History and Philology Journal, 2, Yerevan, 1975, p. 167-182. [7]
• RH Hewsen Armenia Revue des études Armeniennes. Nouvelle serie (REArm ns) 18 (1984) 347-66.
• T. H. Hakobyan (1981). Historical geography of Armenia. Yerevan , “Mitk” publishing house (Armenian)
• Նճիճյան Ղ., Ստորագրութիւն հին Հայաստանեայց, Վնտ., 1822
• Արությունյան Բ., Մեծ Հայքի վարչա-քաղաքական բաժանման համակարգն ըստ “Աշխարհացոյց” -ի
• Րեմյան Ս., Հայաստանը ըստ “արհացոյց” -ի, Երևան, 1963
• Ուբաբյան Բ.Ս., Դրվագներ Հայոց րևելից կողմանց պատմության IV-VII., Երևան, 1981.

• Artashes I. Who is who - Guide to Armenia (Rus.) . The appeal date is December 1, 2017.