Triad [3] ( Greek Τριάντα , Ιαλυσός [2] ) is a city in Greece , in the north of Rhodes , a suburb of Rhodes . Located 7 kilometers south-west of Rhodes and 7 kilometers east of Diagoras Airport on the coast of the Rhodes Strait. Included in the community (dim sum) of Rhodes in the peripheral unit of Rhodes in the periphery of the South Aegean Islands . The population is 11,331 inhabitants according to the 2011 census [2] . The area of 16.7 square kilometers [1] .
| City | |
| Trianda | |
|---|---|
| Greek Ιαλυσός | |
 | |
| A country | |
| Periphery | South Aegean Islands |
| Peripheral unit | Rhodes |
| Community | Rhodes |
| History and geography | |
| Square | 16.7 [1] km² |
| Center height | 5 m |
| Timezone | and |
| Population | |
| Population | 11,331 [2] people ( 2011 ) |
| Nationalities | the Greeks |
| Denominations | Orthodox |
| Official language | Greek |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +30 22410 |
Content
History
It is assumed that the city of Jalis (Jalis [4] , ancient Greek Ἰηλυσὸς ) was built around 1500 BC. er
It was inhabited in the prehistoric period. The remains of the Minoan settlement were found in Trianda, the Mycenaean cemeteries of 1700-1400 BC were found in the hills of Mackria-Vunar and Moskhu-Vunar. e. [5] .
Yalis is mentioned by Homer in the "Ship List" in the Iliad [6] :
"... But Triptolemus Heraclides, as a father, and a huge and powerful, |
It was one of the six cities of Hexapolis , later the Dorian Pentapol [4] [7] [8] .
According to the legend, the founder of the city was Jalis, son of Kirkaf , brother Linda and Kamira [4] [9] . According to another legend, Kamir, Lind and Yalis founded Tlepol and gave them the names of danaids [7] [10] [10] [11] .
Rhodes supported the Ionian uprising . In 495 BC. e. The Median admiral Datis captured Rhodes. The inscription on this is found on Rhodes and is confirmed by the plates found in Persepolis [12] .
In the classical period, the policies of Kamir, Lind and Yalis are part of the First Athenian Maritime Union . In the winter campaign of the twentieth year of the Peloponnesian War (September 412 — March 411 BC. E.), At the request of the Rhodes oligarchs, the Peloponnesian Navarh Mindar sends to Rhodes Navarh Dorie , son of Diago of Rhodes , with a fleet of 13 Trier, received from the allied city of Furia . Doriey arrives in Cámir and convinces the inhabitants of Cámir, Jalis and Lind to withdraw from the Athenian union [13] [14] . In 408-407 gg. BC e. Rhodes Policies Lind, Yalis and Camír merged into one state and jointly founded the city of Rhodes, which helped transform the island into the largest trading center of the Mediterranean [7] [15] [16] [17] . In the IV century BC. er Jalis fell into decay after strengthening neighboring Rhodes [4] .
Ancient Yalis was built around Filerimos hill, where the acropolis of Ochiroma ( Ὀχύρωμα ) [16] was located, with monuments of the ancient and Byzantine periods and the period of francocracy . In the III — II centuries BC. e. here is the temple of Athena Polias, built on the site of an older temple of the classical period of the 5th century BC. e., as can be judged by the remnants of the floor and terracotta akrokera or antefix . Pottery and sacrificial gifts of the 9th — 5th centuries BC were found in the vault on the western side. e. In the inscriptions of the III — II century BC. e. besides the cult of Athena, the cult of Zeus Polleos is mentioned. In the 5th – 6th centuries, a three-nave basilica with an atrium was built on the site of an ancient temple. A domed church was built in the north nave in the 10th century. In the period of francocracy, there are a medieval monastery and a church here [5] .
The Temple of Athena was a Doric amphiprostil with tetrastil or hexastile, that is, with porticos with six or four columns at two ends, with pronaos , cella and opistode. In cella was a statue of Athena and the inner colonnade [18] .
Doric fountain of the 4th century BC. e. It was equipped with a closed vessel in a rock filled with water from the top of a hill through two tunnels. The tank was closed by a wall from the edge of the isodomic masonry. Spouts in the form of lion heads dumped water from a closed container into an open pool formed by six Doric columns with stone partitions and a portico with six columns on the facade [18] .
In the Byzantine period, fortifications on the eastern side were built of stone from the temple of Athena, the fortifications were rebuilt during the period of francocracy [18] .
The remains of the catholicon of a Byzantine monastery of the late 10th-early 11th century, a cruciform building were found [18] .
The church of the 14th century francocracy had a vaulted ceiling and two hexagonal chapels [18] .
The underground church of Ayios Eoros-Hostos of the 15th century with frescoes in an eclectic style has been preserved [18] .
Medieval monastery restored during the Italian occupation. The courtyard is surrounded by a building with arched porticoes leading to the monks' cells in the basement and the abbot's rooms on the first floor [18] .
Excavations
During the period of the Italian occupation, the Italian Archeological School conducted systematic excavations in 1914 and 1923—1926. The ruins of the temple of Athens and the storehouse on the western side were excavated, and the fountain was also excavated and restored [18] .
Population
| Year | Population, man |
|---|---|
| 1991 | 6967 [19] |
| 2001 | 10 111 [19] |
| 2011 | 331 11,331 [2] |
Notes
- 2 1 2 πογραφ πληθυσμ - κατοικιών της 18ης μαρτίου 2001 (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) (Greek) . - Πειραιάς: Εθνιιή στατιστική υπηρεσία της Ελλάδας , 2009. - . I. - Σ. 415 . - ISSN 1106-5761 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Πίνακας αποτελεσμάτων Μόνιμοο Πληθυσμο-Απογραφ 2011 (Greek) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (20 Μαρτίου 2014). The appeal date is October 22, 2017.
- ↑ Greece: Reference Map: Scale 1: 1,000,000 / ch. ed. Ya. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk cartographic factory , 2001. - (Countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ialysus // Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed.-comp. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. 1885.
- ↑ 1 2 Ιαλυσός. Ιστορικό (Greek) . Οδυσσέας . Πουργείο Πολιτισμού και θλητισμο (2012). The date of appeal is November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Homer . Iliad . II, 655
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rhodus // Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed.-ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. 1885.
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. I.144
- ↑ Diodorus Sicilian . Historical Library. V.57.8
- ↑ 1 2 Strabo . Geography. XIV.2.8; with. 654
- ↑ Diodorus Sicilian . Historical Library. IV.58.8
- ↑ Herodotos, bk 5, logos 16 (English) . Livius.org (19 August 2017). The date of appeal is November 5, 2017.
- ↑ Diodorus Sicilian . Historical Library. XIII.38.5, 45.1
- ↑ Thucydides . History . VIII.44
- ↑ Diodorus Sicilian . Historical Library. XIII.75.1
- ↑ 1 2 Strabo . Geography. XIV.2.12; with. 655
- ↑ Sinoikimism / A. Strelkov // The World of Saint-Germain 1679 - Social Security. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2015. - p. 235-236. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, vol. 30). - ISBN 978-5-85270-367-5 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ιαλυσός. Ιαλυσός (Greek) . Οδυσσέας . Πουργείο Πολιτισμού και θλητισμο (2012). The date of appeal is November 5, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 ι νιμοο και Πραγμα τλλθθσσμός της Ελλάδο. Σύνολο Ελλάδος, νομοί, δήμοι / κοινότητες, δημοτικα / κοινοτικά διαμερίσμα και οικισμοί. Πογραφές πληθυσμού 2001 και 1991 (Greek) (not available link) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή . The appeal date is June 22, 2017. Archived July 16, 2006.
Literature
- Yalis // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1904. - T. XLIa. - p. 644.