Hosta ( lat. Hósta ) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the Asparagaceae family (it was previously included in the Liliaceae family [4] ). The genus habitat is the Far East , Southeast Asia , and Japan . Previously, the genus was better known under the name Funkia ( Fúnkia ).
| Hosta (plant) | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Hosta 'June' | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hosta Tratt. , 1812 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Hosta japonica Tratt. typus [3] - Japanese Host = Hosta plantaginea ( Lam. ) Asch. - Khosta plantain | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Plants of this genus are widely used in horticulture and landscape design , valued as shade-tolerant decorative and deciduous plants [4] .
The genus is named after the Austrian doctor and botanist Nikolaus Khost (1761-11834). The name Funkia ( Funkia ), by which the genus was known before, was given in honor of the German botanist Heinrich Funck [5] (1771–1839).
Content
Botanical description
Perennial herbaceous plants with a compact or short-branching rhizome [4] .
Leaves in the basal rosette , on the scapes, numerous, diverse in shape (from narrow lanceolate to broadly ovate), size, texture and color, often variegated forms [4] .
Peduncles high, up to 100 cm, slightly leafy; racemose inflorescence , often one-sided; perianth 6-notched, funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, lilac or purple, less often white [4] .
A fruit - a trihedral leathery box ; seeds are black, flat, winged.
Types
Some described species in the wild do not exist, are known only in culture.
According to the information of The Plant List (2013), the genus includes 23 species [6] :
- Hosta albofarinosa DQWang
- Hosta capitata ( Koidz. ) Nakai
- Hosta clausa nakai
- Hosta gracillima F.Mek.
- Hosta hypoleuca murata
- Hosta jonesii MGChung
- Hosta kikutii F.Maek.
- Hosta kiyosumiensis F.Maek.
- Hosta longipes ( Franch. & Sav. ) Matsum.
- Hosta longissima F.Mek.
- Hosta minor ( Baker ) Nakai
- Hosta plantaginea ( Lam. ) Asch. - Hosta plantain [7] [ syn. Hosta japonica Tratt. typus [3] - Japanese Host]
- Hosta pulchella N.Fujita
- Hosta pycnophylla F.Maek.
- Hosta rectifolia Nakai - Hosta leaflet [7]
- Hosta rupifraga nakai
- Hosta shikokiana N.Fujita
- Hosta sieboldiana ( Hook. ) Engl. - Hosta Siebold [7]
- Hosta sieboldii ( Paxton ) JWIngram
- Hosta tsushimensis N.Fujita
- Hosta ventricosa Stearn - Hosta Swollen [7]
- Hosta venusta F.Maek.
- Hosta yingeri SBJones
Quite a large number of specific names of this genus in The Plant List (2013) have the status of unresolved name , that is, with respect to them, it cannot be unambiguously stated whether they should be used - or they should be reduced to synonyms of other species.
Application and use
Some species and cultural host clones (which have also been described in botanical literature as species) have long been cultivated in culture in Japan, from where they were brought to Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries [7] .
It is widely used in ornamental gardening when creating flower beds, rabatok, borders. Some large plants are excellent tapeworms . Shade-tolerant host allows you to successfully grow them in the darkest corners of the garden.
Varieties
Registered about 600 varieties of host.
At the host sometimes there are so-called sports - shoots , very different from the parent plant. By origin, many varieties are sports of other varieties (for example, the variety 'Night Before Christmas' - sports from the variety 'White Christmas' , the variety 'Alex Summers' - sports from the variety 'Gold Regal' ).
But in the case of sports varieties, there is often a reverse process of returning to the original variety or even “great-grandmother”. A typical example is the behavior of the famous varieties 'Mango Tango' or 'First Love' . The behavior of the root system and its condition also strongly depends on its origin (hybrids from various botanical species). Leaf color in blooming buds (growing points) and not blooming in many cases also depends on this. The color of flowering buds is more pronounced and more saturated in color than non-flowering. Sometimes in the nurseries because of this there are curiosities. A typical example of this behavior is the 'Guardian Angel' .
In central Russia, the highest varieties (stable for more than 5 years) are 'Viking Ship' and 'Tenryu' , the latter has the highest peduncle - 1.85 m. The biggest problem in growing a host is winter soaking and as a result freezing of the main growth point; bushes aged over six years are particularly affected. The method of dealing with this is autumn mulching (powder from above) of growth points.
The varieties of the “mini” and “smiley” classes require the creation of so-called “puff” soils: the lower layer is loamy or podzolic soils, and the upper layer (10 cm) is sandy soil or pure sand. Most host varieties with fragrant flowers require winter shelter in open areas. In the shade and partial shade can grow all varieties; in completely sunny areas, mostly yellow-leaved varieties with a strong wax coating: 'Golden Goal' , 'Cold Heart' , 'Flemish Gold' , 'Key West' .
Depending on the height (without flower stalks), hosts are divided into several groups. There is no international standard for the exact parameters of each group. The size of plants belonging to the same group in different countries and at different suppliers may vary significantly [8] .
| American Hosta Society | Savory's Gardens Inc | Papou hosta | Shady oaks | Fransen hostas | Mickfield hostas | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miniature (Miniature), Mini | 10-15 cm | <25 cm | <10 cm | <17 cm | 10-20 cm | |
| Dwarf (dwarf), D | <10 cm | 10-15 cm | <15 cm | |||
| Small , S | 15-25 cm | 25-38 cm | 15-25 cm | 17.7–38 cm | 20–38 cm | 15-30 cm |
| Medium (medium), M | 25–45.7 cm | 38–45.7 cm | 25–45.7 cm | 38–56 cm | 38–61 cm | 30–45.7 cm |
| Large (large), L | 45.7–71 cm | 45.7–61 cm | 45.7–71 cm | > 56 cm | 61–89 cm | 45.7–61 cm |
| Giant (G), G | > 71 cm | > 61 cm | > 71 cm | 89–152 cm | > 61 cm |
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ Hosta (eng.) : Information on the GRIN website. (Checked March 15, 2015)
- ↑ 1 2 Information about the genus Hosta (eng.) In the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Plant Taxonomy Association (IAPT) . (Checked March 16, 2015)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 TSB-Hosta, 1978 .
- ↑ Chernyakovskaya, 1935 , p. 54.
- ↑ Hosta // The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. (English) (Checked March 11, 2015)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Poletiko, 1977 .
- ↑ Size matters Archival copy dated May 14, 2008 on the Wayback Machine on Mickfield Hostas website
Literature
- Khosta (raz. Sem. Lilyn) : [ arch. March 14, 2015 ]. - Q: The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 30 t. / Ch. ed. AM Prokhorov // 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1978. - T. 28: Frankfurt - Chaga. - 616 s. - 632 000 copies
- Vavilova L.P. Funkia in the Main Botanical Garden // Introduction and techniques of the culture of flower and ornamental plants . - M .: Science, 1997. - 168 p.
- Poletiko O. M. Rod Hosta Tratt. - Khosta // Decorative herbaceous plants for open ground of the USSR. In 2 t. / N. A. Avrorin . - L .: Science, Flax. Otdel., 1977. - T. 2. - p. 105-110. - 459 s.
- Chernyakovskaya EG Genus 264. Funkia - Funkia Spreng. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 t. / Ch. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1935. - T. 4 / ed. Toma V. L. Komarov. - p. 54-55. - 760, XXX with. - 5175 copies
Links
- Hosta, or Funkia Neopr . Encyclopedia of ornamental garden plants . The appeal date is November 15, 2011. Archived February 26, 2012.
- Hostalibrary.org (Eng.)
- Anna Rubinina. The Gardens of England: the host collection . supersadovnik.ru (January 25, 2014). The appeal date is April 6, 2016.
- Sergey Kalyakin. Haucke's Garten (Garden of Hille and Wolfgang Hopman-Hauke) . gardener.ru. The appeal date is April 6, 2016.