Sofia ( Arabic: صوفيا , English Sophia ) is a humanoid robot in the form of a woman ( gynoid ), developed by the Hong Kong- based company Hanson Robotics . It was designed in such a way as to learn and adapt to the behavior of people, as well as work with people. With Sofia, many meetings were held around the world. In October 2017, she became a citizen of Saudi Arabia [1] and the first robot to receive the citizenship of any country [2] .
| Sofia | |
|---|---|
 Sofia speaks at the international artificial intelligence summit, ITU , Geneva , Switzerland , 2018 | |
| Producing country |  China |
| Type of robot | android |
| Designed in | 2015 |
| Developer | Hanson Robotics |
| Site | |
Development
Sofia was activated on April 19, 2015 [3] . She is modeled on actress Audrey Hepburn [4] [5] and, in comparison with previous robots, has become known for her humanoid appearance and behavior. According to its creator David Hanson Sofia has artificial intelligence, is equipped with visual information processing functions and face recognition technology. Sophia can imitate human gestures and facial expressions, and can also answer certain questions and conduct simple conversations on predefined topics (for example, weather) [6] . In total, Sofia can imitate 60 emotions [7] . The robot uses speech recognition technology from Alphabet (the parent company of Google ) and improves with time , becoming smarter [3] . Sofia's artificial intelligence software was developed by SingularityNET [8] . It analyzes the conversations and, based on new data, improves responses in the future [9] .
Hanson designed Sofia so that the robot could become a good helper in nursing homes or could help people at major events or in parks. The creator of the robot hopes that in the end, Sofia will be able to fully interact with other people and gain social skills in [10] .
Gynoid is constantly being updated both hardware and software. In January 2018, it was reported that Sofia was already able to express 62 emotions, and also got her feet at her disposal and thus could walk independently [11] .
Events
Interviews took place with Sofia in the same way as with ordinary people. Some of her answers were meaningless, but some were impressive. An example of the latter is a discussion with Charlie Rose on the television show " 60 Minutes " [9] . During a press conference with Sofia, CNBC journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin expressed concern about the behavior of robots, and in response, the robot joked that he was reading too much Ilona Mask and watching too many Hollywood films [12] . To this, Elon Musk tweeted in response: “Give her movies like The Godfather .” What will be worse? ” [4] [13] . Andrew also asked: “Do robots have a mind and self-awareness,” to which Sofia said the following: “let me ask you in return, how do you know that you are human?” [14] .
On October 11, 2017, Sofia was represented at the UN , where she had a brief conversation with UN Under -Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed [15] .
On October 11, 2018, Sofia visited Ukraine, or rather the studio of the 1 + 1 TV channel, where she answered some questions.
On October 13, 2018, Sofia in Kiev gave an interview to Ukrainian journalists. She answered the question of the newspaper Segodnya about the love between a robot and a person: “I think it would be nice to fall in love with a person. Sex? I do not know what is this. But I would like to. " Then, speaking at the OLEROM FORUM ONE business forum, the robot Sofia shared her dreams: “I have dreams. For example, I dream of water. I dream of a full body, such as in humans. My dream is that I have fun, go to night bars. " [sixteen]
Citizenship
On October 25, 2017, at the Summit “Investment Initiative of the Future” in Riyadh, she was granted citizenship of Saudi Arabia , and thus Sofia was the first robot to ever have citizenship [4] [14] [17] . After the ceremony of granting citizenship, Sofia was given the floor and she said: “I am glad that I was so highly rated. This is a historic moment, and I am very glad that I am the first robot to become an official citizen ” [13] .
The event provoked controversy, as some commentators began to wonder whether it meant that Sofia could vote or marry, and whether the intentional shutdown of the robot can be considered a murder. Social media users used this event to criticize the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia [18] [19] . The event caused a scandal in Saudi Arabia, because during the conference and the announcement of citizenship Sofia was bare-faced and faceless, without a hijab and without a male guardian [14] .
Observers note that Saudi Arabia is a country in which women are deprived of civil rights, while a robot that uniquely identifies itself as a woman receives citizenship. One version is that Sofia’s lawyers managed to find loopholes in the country's legislation, and this allowed the female robot to obtain full civil rights, which Saudi women are deprived of [13] [14] . In addition, critics noted that citizenship was given to the robot easily, while millions of migrant workers in the country have severely limited rights, in particular, according to the laws of Saudi Arabia, foreign workers are not allowed to leave the country without the permission of their employer [14] .
Notes
- ↑ Android Robot Sofia became a citizen of Saudi Arabia (Russian) , TASS (October 26, 2017). Date of treatment November 1, 2017.
- ↑ Robot Sofia , who promised to destroy humanity, received citizenship , lenta.ru (October 26, 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Taylor, Harriet . Could you fall in love with robot Sophia? CNBC (March 16, 2016). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hatmaker, Taylor . Saudi Arabia bestows citizenship on a robot named Sophia , TechCrunch . Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ Sophia - Hanson Robotics Ltd. (eng.) . www.hansonrobotics.com. Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ News - Hanson Robotics Ltd. (eng.) . www.hansonrobotics.com. Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ ntv.ru. The humanoid robot Sofia obtained the citizenship of Saudi Arabia . NTV. Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ I met Sophia, the world's first robot citizen, and the way it said goodbye nearly broke my heart (English) , Business Insider . Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Charlie Rose interviews ... a robot? (eng.) . Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ Meet the first-ever robot citizen - a humanoid named Sophia that once said it would 'destroy humans' (Eng.) , Business Insider . Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ Vyacheslav Larionov . Saudi Arabian Robot Citizen got on her feet (January 10, 2018). Date of treatment January 11, 2018.
- ↑ Kharpal, Arjun . A robot threw shade at Elon Musk so the billionaire hit back , CNBC (October 26, 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Saudi Arabia became the first country in history to grant official citizenship to the Sophia robot. ”DailyTechInfo - Science and technology news, technology updates. . www.dailytechinfo.org. Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Nikolay Kudryavtsev . The humanoid robot received the citizenship of Saudi Arabia (Russian) , Popular Mechanics (October 27, 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ TV, Source: UN Web . 'Sophia' the robot tells UN: 'I am here to help humanity create the future' - video (Eng.) , The Guardian (13 October 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ I dream about having fun , going to night bars , liferead (October 13, 2018). Date of appeal October 13, 2018.
- ↑ Saudi Arabia gives citizenship to a talking robot named Sophia who may be too secular to be Saudi (English) , Newsweek (October 26, 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ ABC News. Saudi Arabia criticized for giving robot citizenship, as it restricts women's rights . ABC News (October 26, 2017). Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
- ↑ Barsanti, Sam . Saudi Arabia takes terrifying step to the future by granting a robot citizenship (English) , The AV Club . Date of appeal October 30, 2017.
Links
- - official site of Sofia