The Czech national costume ( Czech Český lidový kroj ) is an important part of Czech culture. It can be divided into two large groups: the western style in Bohemia and central Moravia and the eastern style in Moravia and Silesia . In both regions, winter clothes are made from wool and linen, and summer clothes are made from light fabrics, in particular silk. The women's traditional outfit consists of two aprons, one in front and one on the back, and a white blouse. A typical national men's suit consists of long pants and a loose jacket.
In the XV century, during serfdom , peasants were forbidden to wear clothes made of expensive materials such as silk and velvet, so they wore very simple clothes. In the XVI century, the development of textile and sewing technologies began, so the outfits began to become more complex and diverse.
Content
Regional Features
Bohemia
Residents of Pilsen and the surrounding area wore a traditional outfit until the end of the 19th century. Women wore several layers of thin skirts (their number could reach up to 24), which are a hallmark of this city. Mostly clothes were sewn from cotton and decorated with ribbons. They also wore a silk scarf, which was tied around the chest.
In the historical region of Prashensko ( Southern Bohemia ), clothing depended on the age of the person who wore it. The typical clothes of the young guy consisted of a short jacket, tight trousers and high boots. Also, in addition to boots, worn pistons ( Czech krpce ), worn over red or white stockings, and in winter or in inclement weather - wooden shoes . Married men wore long caftans instead of jackets ( Czech kabat ). Women's costumes for young and older women were also different. Single girls. Married women wore long skirts that showed their status, and a white bandage or cap on their head.
Since the 18th century, the influence of the urban costume has intensified: there is a shawl tied on the chest, as well as a corset ( Czech snerovacka ) and a sleeveless bodice ( Czech zivutek ), pistons are replaced by boots.
Czech-Moravian Highlands
Residents of the Czech-Moravian Highlands dressed easier. Young guys wore short shirts, and the most striking element of traditional men's clothing was a fur coat.
Moravia
In the ethnographic region of Ghana, folk costumes showed the profession of the one who wore them. Workers wore dark, simple colors. Women wore long dresses or long skirts with a belt ( Czech oplicko ) and short jackets with a high collar. Also for women ganachek a colorful scarf was worn, which is worn in special cases ( Czech. Uvodnice ). As in many other regions of the Czech Republic, white, or sometimes black or yellow, wool coats were popular. In rural areas near the city of Brno, men wore tight trousers ( Czech cervenice or Czech nohovice ) made of yellow leather. In cool weather, men wore a long white retinue , which changed to black in colder weather. For holidays and festivals they wore wraps with wide and gathered collars. Also on the festive dress was yellow, white or black embroidery.
Czech (Tieszyn) Silesia
In Silesia, there were three types of folk costume: in the lowlands, women and men wore clothing similar to Czech; at Teshin, women wore skirts connected with a bodice embroidered with gold threads and silver belts; in the mountains they wore the same clothes as in Moravian Wallachia.
Modern casual wear
Modern everyday clothing of Czechs does not differ from that in other countries. The transition from traditional to modern clothing occurred in the period from the second half of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, due to the massive outflow of villagers to the cities. Depending on the place, it proceeded at different rates. Prague , as the largest city, was the first to switch to modern clothing in the Czech Republic, and residents of small villages in Bohemia and Moravia often still wear traditional clothes and dress their children most carefully. Even after switching to modern clothes, women still wore kerchiefs and dresses with wide skirts for a long time, and men still retain elements of the Czech folk costume in the form of hats, caps and boots. Although traditional national costumes have gone out of everyday life, many artists wear them.
Gallery
People in Czech national costumes during the Royal Rites festival ( Czech Jízda králů ), which takes place annually in the city of Vlčnov in Moravian Slovakia ( Zlín Region ).
Bohemian folk costume from Prachensko.
Moravian costume from Goracko ( Vysocina region )
Moravian costume from Kunovice ( Zlín Region ) - young guy and girl
Moravian costume from Kunovice ( Zlín Region ) - married couple
Men's clothing from Moravian Wallachia at the beginning of the 20th century.
Women's clothing from Moravian Wallachia .
Ganatsky women's holiday outfit.
Ganatsky costume of the middle of the XIX century
Hanak, XVIII century
Wallachian women's vest 1924.
Decorative scarf of the beginning of the 19th century.
Damask vest of the early 20th century.
Vest with embroidery of the 19th century.
Croats from the vicinity of Mikulov , 1837 .
Girl in a scarf and cap, Uhersky Brod , Moravia
See also
- Ukrainian national costume
- Russian national costume
- Belarusian national costume
- Gural folk costume
- Macedonian national costume
- Royal rites
Literature
- Czechoslovak National Costumes, IB Hackl, M. Navotny.
- Lidove Kroje z Ceske Republiky, J. Langhammerova (2001).
- “Peoples of foreign Europe. Ethnographic essays. ”In 2 volumes - M.: Science, 1964. - T. 2.