1I / Oumuamua (formerly C / 2017 U1 (PANSTARRS) and A / 2017 U1 ) is the first discovered interstellar object flying through the solar system . It was opened on October 19, 2017 , based on data from the Pan-STARRS telescope . Oumuamua was originally considered a comet , but a week later it was reclassified as an asteroid [11] . This is the first open object of a new class of hyperbolic asteroids [9] .
| 1I / Oumuamua | |
|---|---|
| Asteroid | |
 The first known interstellar asteroid Oumuamua in the artist's view | |
| Discovery [1] [2] | |
| Discoverer | Pan-star1 |
| Place of discovery | Haleakala , Hawaii |
| Discovery date | October 19, 2017 |
| Eponym | ( Hawaiian name) [3] |
| Alternative notation | 1I / 2017 U1 A / 2017 U1 C / 2017 U1 (PANSTARRS) P10Ee5V |
| Category | Hyperbolic asteroids |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Age of October 31, 2017 JD 2458057.5 | |
| Eccentricity ( e ) | 1.19951 ± 0.00018 |
| Semimajor axis ( a ) | −1.2798 ± 0.0008 [n 1] |
| Perihelion ( q ) | 0.25534 ± 0.00007 au |
| Aphelion ( Q ) | ∞ |
| Inclination ( i ) | 122.69 ° |
| Longitude node (Ω) | 24.599 ° |
| Perihelion Argument (ω) | 241.70 ° |
| Median Anomaly ( M ) | 35,060 ° |
| physical characteristics | |
| Diameter | 230 × 35 × 35 m (presumably with an albedo of 0.1 ) [4] [5] 200 m (presumably with an albedo of 0.06–0.08 ) [6] |
| Rotation period | 8.14 ± 0.02 hours [7] 8.10 ± 0.42 hours [6] ≥ 3 hours [8] |
| Spectral class | D [4] , P ? [6] (red) [10] B – V = 0.7 ± 0.06 [4] VR = 0.45 ± 0.05 [4] gr = 0.47 ± 0.04 [6] ri = 0.36 ± 0.16 [6] rJ = 1.20 ± 0.11 [6] |
| Absolute magnitude | 22.08 ± 0.45 [9] |
| Albedo | 0.1 (spectrum based assumption) [4] 0.06–0.08 (spectrum based assumption) [6] |
According to data published on June 27, 2018, 1I / 2017 U1 “Oumuamua” is a comet - the object moves with non-gravitational acceleration, which can only be explained by the cometary nature of the body [12] . Based on the analysis of data collected by the Spitzer space infrared telescope during observations of Oumuamua in late 2017, an international group of astronomers led by David Trilling decided that the object is a comet-like body with a relatively small albedo before approaching the Sun. After perihelion, the surface of the object during the degassing processes was cleaned, exposing fresh ice layers, and the albedo of the object increased; emissions of volatile substances influenced the acceleration of the movement of Oumuamua [13] .
Based on the results of 34 days of observation, the eccentricity at Oumuamua is 1.20, which is the highest figure among all the bodies of the solar system ever observed [14] [15] . The previous record belonged to comet with an eccentricity of 1,057 [16] [17] [n 2] . The high eccentricity both during and after arrival indicates that the asteroid has never been gravitationally connected with the solar system and is probably an interstellar object due to its high initial velocity. The inclination of the orbit is 123 ° relative to the ecliptic [n 3] . In interstellar space, the velocity at 1I / Oumuamua is 26.33 km / s relative to the Sun; it reached a maximum of 87.71 km / s at perihelion [14] [n 4] .
This is the first known candidate for an interstellar object . The likely departure region is in the vicinity of Vega (the constellation Lyra ) [18] [19] . Oumuamua moves along a hyperbolic trajectory at a speed of 26 km / s [n 5] . This direction is close to the apex of the Sun, the most probable area for approaches of objects from outside the Solar system [18] . However, it is not known exactly how long the object has been in interstellar space [20] . The solar system is probably the first planetary system in which Oumuamua flew after an ejection from its parent star, which occurred perhaps billions of years ago [21] .
Designation
Nomenclature
Initially, the discovery of 1I / Oumuamua as the new comet C / 2017 U1 (PANSTARRS) was announced on October 25, 2017 [2] . An unusual hyperbolic orbit was already known then, and in an attempt to confirm cometary activity on the same day on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) using the FORS2 camera, unscheduled observations were carried out under the program “URGENT: The First Interstellar Object in the Solar System” [22] . In the obtained deep there was no cometary coma [n 6] . Accordingly, C / 2017 U1 (PANSTARRS) was renamed A / 2017 U1, becoming the first comet reclassified to an asteroid [11] .
Restrictions on any possible cometary activity imply that no more than a few square meters of the surface of 1I / Oumuamua can be covered with ice, and that any if (if any) should lie below the 50-centimeter crust [4] . Nothing was seen in the pictures with STEREO HI-1A during perihelion 1I / Oumuamua on September 9, 2017 [6] . The absence of signs of coma indicates the origin of the snow line in the system of the parent star from within or for a long enough time for all the ice to evaporate, as happens with damocloids . Spectrum analysis confirms these assumptions [23] [24] .
As the first known object of this class, Oumuamua provided a unique case for the International Astronomical Union , which assigns official names for space bodies. A special index for interstellar objects was introduced - “I” (short for English interstellar , “interstellar”), and Oumuamua was assigned the designation “1I / 2017 U1”.
Title
The name Oumuamua was chosen by the Pan-STARRS team that discovered the asteroid. Translated from the Hawaiian ʻou.mua.mua ʻ means “scout”, or “messenger from afar” ( ʻou means “reach for something,” and double mua with the separation of the latter means “first”, “advanced”) [3] [25] . In English, the name is spelled as ʻOumuamua . The icon in front of the letter O - “ʻ” is not an apostrophe , but an ʻokina , which in the spelling of the Hawaiian language conveys a laryngeal bow ( pronunciation ).
Observations
The object was discovered in extremely high hyperbolic orbit by Robert Wareick [26] on October 19, 2017 based on the data of the Pan-STARRS telescope [1] , when the asteroid was at a distance of 0.2 AU. ( 30 million km) from the Earth.
On October 26, 2017, 1I / Oumuamua was found on two more observations obtained by the Catalan sky survey . They were committed on October 14 and 17, 2017 [27] [28] . A two-week observational arc confirmed the strong hyperbolicity of the asteroid’s orbit [15] . Observations and conclusions about the composition, shape, behavior and origin obtained using the Very Large Telescope in Chile were collected and published in the journal Nature on November 20, 2017, since Oumuamua is now on the trajectory of departure from the solar system. [29] [30]
| An object | Year | Speed km / s | Number of observations and observation arc [n 8] |
|---|---|---|---|
| C / 1947 F1 (Rondanina Bester) | 1671 | 1.84 | 15 in 37 days |
| (90377) Sedna | 1746 | 2.66 | 196 in 9,240 days |
| C / 1980 E1 (Bowell) | 1765 | 2.98 | 179 in 2514 days |
| C / 1997 P2 (Spacewatch) | 1779 | 2.99 | 94 in 49 days |
| C / 2010 X1 (Elenin) | 1798 | 2.96 | 2222 in 235 days |
| C / 2012 S1 (ISON) | 1801 | 2.99 | 6514 in 784 days |
| C / 2008 J4 (Maknot) | 1855 | 4.88 | 22 in 15 days [n 9] |
| 1I / Oumuamua | 1982 | 26.5 | 115 in 34 days |
The rate of 1I / Oumuamua removal from the Sun was slightly higher than predicted from the laws of celestial mechanics. As of June 1, 2018, the speed of the facility was about 31.6 km / s. Marco Micheli from the European Space Agency and colleagues suggested that a gas ejection occurs on the surface of 1I / Oumuamua under the influence of solar radiation, which means this object is not an asteroid, but a comet. According to observations, it follows that the further 1I / Oumuamua moves away from the Sun, the slower it accelerates, which is typical for comets [31] [32] .
Object Parameters
Assuming that the object consists of a stone with an albedo of 10%, its diameter is estimated at about 160 m [18] . There is also an assumption that the Oumuamua object is a cigar 180 meters long and 30 meters wide [33] . The asteroid spectrum obtained at the 4.2-meter (WHT) indicates the uniformity of color and red color of the surface, similar to that observed in objects of the Kuiper belt [10] . The spectrum obtained by the Hale telescope shows a less saturated red hue, similar to the nuclei of comets and Trojans [21] . It resembles asteroids of classes D [4] and P [6] .
The rotation period of 1I / Oumuamua ranges from 7.3 [34] to ~ 8.10 (± 0.42) hours, with a brightness amplitude of 1.8 m [6] . This indicates that the asteroid is a very elongated object with an axis ratio of at least 5.3: 1, which is comparable to the most elongated objects in the solar system, or even more [6] [7] . According to astronomer David Jewitt , Oumuamua is physically not remarkable for anything except its extremely elongated shape [5] . With an estimated albedo of 0.1 (typical for class D asteroids ), the ellipsoid corresponding to the 1I / Oumuamua form has semi-axes of approximately 230 × 35 × 35 m and a semi-axis ratio of close to 6: 1 [4] . However, if you fix the change in brightness not in a logarithmic scale, in stellar magnitudes, but on a linear scale, the change in brightness of Oumuamua will look almost a sinusoid, which reduces the likelihood of strong elongation, and increases the probability of the difference in the albedo of opposite surfaces of the asteroid. For example, a spherical Iapetus changes its brightness by 1.7 magnitudes - from 10.2 to 11.9. It is assumed that it can also be a contact double [6] , although this may not be compatible with its fast rotation [29] . Due to the significant difference in linear dimensions and axes of inertia of the asteroid, it also has chaotic rotation. [35] One of the assumptions of the reason for such an elongated shape and chaotic rotation is that they were the result of a destructive event in the past (for example, a collision with another planetoid or a star explosion), which, possibly, caused its ejection from the system of the parent star [ 29] .
Orbit
| Distance | date | Speed km / s |
|---|---|---|
| 2300 a.u. | 1603 | 26.22 |
| 1000 AU | 1838 | 26.24 |
| 100 au | 2000 | 26.56 |
| 10 a.u. | 2016 | 29.40 |
| 1 a.u. | August 9, 2017 | 49.6 |
| Perihelion | September 9, 2017 | 87.7 [14] |
| 1 a.u. | October 10, 2017 | 49.6 [n 10] |
| 10 a.u. | 2019 | 29.40 |
| 100 au | 2034 | 26.54 |
| 1000 AU | 2197 | 26.25 |
| 2300 a.u. | 2432 | 26.22 |
It was estimated that the asteroid passed through the perihelion on September 9, 2017 at a distance of 0.255 a. e. from the sun. This is 17% closer than the minimum distance from the Sun to Mercury . He was also at a distance of 0.1616 AU from the Earth October 14, 2017 [9] . The object is very dim, and its apparent magnitude has already dropped below 23 m [28] .
It is estimated that the asteroid could have been ejected from the stellar association of the constellation Kiel about 45 million years ago [36] . However, now in the sky it is located far enough from the constellation Lyra, from the direction in which the object flew into the solar system. About 1.3 million years ago, Oumuamua could pass the star TYC4742-1027-1 at a distance of 0.16 parsecs (0.52 light years), but its speed is too high for this star to be a parent. Most likely, the asteroid simply flew through the Oort cloud of this star at a speed of 103 km / s and continued to move [37] [n 11] .
One hundred years ago, 1I / Oumuamua was at a distance of 561 ± 0.6 a. e. (84 billion km) from the Sun and moved at a speed of 26 km / s in its direction. The asteroid continued to accelerate until it reached a maximum speed of 87.7 km / s at perihelion . At the time of discovery, it moved at a speed of 46 km / s and it will continue to slow down until it reaches a speed of 26 km / s relative to the Sun [14] , which is within ~ 5 km / s from the speed of the nearest stars in interstellar space in the vicinity of the Sun and also indicates interstellar origin [38] . The object moves away from the Sun at an angle of 66 ° [n 12] from its original direction. He crossed the orbit of Jupiter in May 2018 and will cross the orbit of Saturn in January 2019 [39] . Oumuamua leaves the solar system in the direction with right ascension 23 h 51 m and declination + 24 ° 45 ', in the constellation Pegasus . [14] This will take about 23,000 years [n 13] .
Hypothetical Space Mission
Oumuamua is too fast for all currently existing spacecraft [40] , however, the Interstellar Research Initiative (i4is) has explored the potential for sending a space probe to 1I / Oumuamua. It is possible to use first the gravitational maneuver near Jupiter , and then a close solar span at a distance of three solar radii to take advantage of the Oberth effect [41] . More advanced options for using the Solar, Laser Electric and Laser Sailing Engine based on Breakthrough Starshot technology are also being considered. The problem is that you need to reach the asteroid in the least time (and, therefore, at the minimum possible distance from the Earth), and at the same time be able to get useful scientific information. If the probe is accelerated to too high a speed, it will not be able to enter orbit or land on an asteroid and will simply fly past it, moving at a speed that is many diameters of the asteroid per second. The authors conclude that, despite the complexity of the task, a collision mission could theoretically be possible using existing technologies.
Artifical Hypothesis
Some astronomers have expressed and support the controversial hypothesis that this object was sent by aliens and / or is an alien spaceship [42] [43] .
In mid-2019, astronomers finally put an end to this issue: there is no evidence in favor of the artificial origin of Oumuamua [44] [45] [43] .
Gallery
Preliminary orbit of asteroid 1I / Oumuamua (click for animation)
Animation of the flight of the asteroid Oumuamua through the solar system
Oumuamua’s position in hyperbolic orbit in the inner Solar system October 25, 2017
Orbit of Oumuamua when flying through the solar system
Visualization of the orbit of Oumuamua in the solar system
Hyperbola corresponding to trajectory 1I / Oumuamua on the plane
Comments
- ↑ Objects in hyperbolic orbits are assigned the negative semi-major axis, which means positive orbital energy.
- ↑ Unlike 1I / Oumuamua, the C / 1980 E1 received high eccentricity after acceleration by Jupiter. His original eccentricity was less than one.
- ↑ Relative to the plane of the ecliptic of the solar system. This number is greater than 90, which means that it is moving in the opposite direction to other planets, with an inclination of 60 degrees.
- ↑ Comet C / 2012 S1 (ISON) reached 377 km / s at perihelion because it passed at a distance of 0.0124 a. e. from the Sun (20 times closer than 1I / Oumuamua).
- ↑ For comparison, the speed of comet C / 1980 E1 , when it will be at a distance of 500 AU from the Sun will be 4.2 km / s.
- ↑ According to CBAT 4450, no one has observed comet activity. The initial classification as a comet was based on the orbit of an object.
- ↑ Results obtained using JPL Horizons using the “22. Speed wrt Sun. "
- ↑ Orbits calculated only on the basis of several observations may be unreliable. Short observing arcs can cause computer-calculated orbits to incorrectly compensate for unknown data.
- ↑ Other orbital data show that C / 2008 J4 was moving at a speed of 3.5 ± 1.3 km / s. JPL # 10 indicates that on March 24, 1855, C / 2008 J4 accelerated to 4.88 ± 1.8 km / s.
- ↑ The solar second cosmic velocity at the Earth's orbit (1 AU from the Sun) is 42.1 km / s. For comparison, Halley's comet moved at a speed of 41.5 km / s when it was at a distance of 1 a.u. from the Sun, according to the formula v = 42.1219 √ 1 / r - 0.5 / a , where r is the distance to the Sun and a is the semimajor axis. Near-Earth asteroid (2062) Aton moves with a speed of only 29 km / s at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun due to the smaller semi-major axis.
- ↑ This is true for the star’s nominal position. However, its current distance to the Sun is not known exactly: according to the first release of Gaia telescope data, the distance to TYC4742-1027-1 is 137 ± 13 parsecs (447 ± 43 light years). It is not known whether a near span has occurred.
- ↑ According to the formula 2 × acos (1 / e)
- ↑ The boundary of the solar system lies approximately 2 light-years away ( 130,000 AU), also an astronomical unit = 149,597,870.7 km, and the asteroid moves at a speed of 26.33 km / s. It will take 23,405 years to reach this distance.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Small Asteroid or Comet 'Visits' from Beyond the Solar System . NASA (October 26, 2017). Date of treatment October 29, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 MPEC 2017-U181: COMET C / 2017 U1 (PANSTARRS ) . Minor Planet Center . International Astronomical Union (October 25, 2017). Date of treatment October 25, 2017. (CK17U010)
- ↑ 1 2 MPEC 2017-V17: NEW DESIGNATION SCHEME FOR INTERSTELLAR OBJECTS . Minor Planet Center . International Astronomical Union (November 6, 2017). Date of treatment November 6, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 David Jewitt. Interstellar Interloper 1I / 2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes (English) // Submitted to ApJL: journal. - 2017 .-- P. 11 . - arXiv : 1711.05687 .
- ↑ 1 2 A Familiar-Looking Messenger from Another Solar System . National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Date of treatment November 15, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bannister, MT; Schwamb, ME Col-OSSOS: Colors of the Interstellar Planetesimal 1I / 2017 U1 in Context with the Solar System (Eng.) // Submitted to ApJL: journal. - 2017 .-- P. 9 . - arXiv : 1711.06214 .
- ↑ 1 2 BT Bolin. APO Time Resolved Color Photometry of Highly-Elongated Interstellar Object 1I / ʻOumuamua (Eng.) // Submitted to AJ: journal. - 2017 .-- P. 11 . - arXiv : 1711.04927 .
- ↑ Matthew Knight. The rotation period and shape of the hyperbolic asteroid A / 2017 U1 from its lightcurve // Submitted to ApJL: journal. - 2017 .-- P. 5 . - arXiv : 1711.01402 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 JPL Small-Body Database Browser: ʻOumuamua (A / 2017 U1) . JPL s14 with last obs . Jet Propulsion Laboratory (November 17, 2017) . Date of treatment November 23, 2017. Archived October 25, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 FitzsimmonsAlan. Spectrum of A / 2017 U1 obtained on Wednesday night with the @INGLaPalma 4.2m WHT. Color is red like Kuiper Belt Objects, featureless. . [tweet] . Twitter (October 27, 2017) .
- ↑ 1 2 MPEC 2017-U183: A / 2017 U1 . Minor Planet Center . International Astronomical Union (October 25, 2017). Date of treatment October 25, 2017. (AK17U010)
- ↑ Non-gravitational acceleration in the trajectory of 1I / 2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) (eng.) // Nature. - 2018 .-- Iss. 559 . - P. 223—226 . - DOI : 10.1038 / s41586-018-0254-4 .
- ↑ NASA Learns More About Interstellar Visitor 'Oumuamua unopened (inaccessible link - history ) . , Nov. 14th, 2018
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Pseudo-MPEC for A / 2017 U1 (Fact File ) . Bill Gray of Project Pluto (October 26, 2017). Date of treatment October 26, 2017. (Orbital elements)
- ↑ 1 2 Archive of 2017 U1 JPL SBDB solution # 10 with a 16-day observation arc . Jet Propulsion Laboratory (November 3, 2017). Archived on November 7, 2017.
- ↑ JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: e> 1 . JPL Small-Body Database . Date of appeal October 26, 2017.
- ↑ de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl. Pole, Pericenter, and Nodes of the Interstellar Minor Body A / 2017 U1 (Eng.) // Research Notes of the AAS : journal. - 2017 .-- 1 November ( vol. 1 , no. 1 ). - P. 9 (2 pages) . - DOI : 10.3847 / 2515-5172 / aa96b4 . - . - arXiv : 1711.00445 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kelly Beatty. Astronomers Spot First-Known Interstellar “Comet” . Sky & Telescope (October 25, 2017). Date of appeal October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Jamie Seidel . 'Alien' object excites astronomers. Is it a 'visitor' from nearby star? , The New Zealand Herald (October 26, 2017).
- ↑ Interstellar Asteroid FAQs . NASA (November 20, 2017). Date of treatment November 21, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Ye, Quan-Zhi; Zhang, Qicheng. 1I / ʻOumuamua is Hot: Imaging, Spectroscopy and Search of Meteor Activity (Eng.) // Submitted to ApJ Letters: journal. - 2017 .-- P. 8 . - arXiv : 1711.02320 .
- ↑ First interstellar comet discovered? . LJ (October 25, 2017).
- ↑ Laughlin, Gregory; Batygin, Konstantin . On the Consequences of the Detection of an Interstellar Asteroid (Eng.) // Research Notes of the AAS: journal. - 2017 .-- Vol. 1711 . - P. 4 . - . - arXiv : 1711.02260 .
- ↑ Karl Antier. A / 2017 U1, first interstellar asteroid ever detected! (eng.) . International Meteor Organization . Date of treatment November 7, 2017.
- ↑ The interstellar asteroid received a Hawaiian name . N + 1 (November 7, 2017).
- ↑ Research Gate Accessed November 22, 2017.
- ↑ MPEC 2017-U185: A / 2017 U1 . Minor Planet Center . International Astronomical Union (October 26, 2017). Date of appeal October 26, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 A / 2017 U1 Minor Planet Center . Date of treatment November 9, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rincon, Paul Bizarre shape of interstellar asteroid . BBC (November 20, 2017). Date of treatment November 20, 2017.
- ↑ Meech, Karen J .; Weryk, Robert; Micheli, Marco; Kleyna, Jan T .; Hainaut, Olivier R .; Jedicke, Robert; Wainscoat, Richard J .; Chambers, Kenneth C .; Keane, Jacqueline V .; Petric, Andreea; Denneau, Larry; Magnier, Eugene; Berger, Travis; Huber, Mark E .; Flewelling, Heather; Waters, Chris; Schunova-Lilly, Eva; Chastel, Serge. A brief visit from a red and extremely elongated interstellar asteroid (English) // Nature : journal. - 2017 .-- 20 November. - ISSN 1476-4687 . - DOI : 10.1038 / nature25020 .
- ↑ VLT ESO: Asteroid Oumuamua Accelerates
- ↑ Asteroid guest turned out to be an interstellar comet
- ↑ Oumuamua: a unique, unremarkable asteroid
- ↑ Meech, Karen Light curve of interstellar asteroid `Oumuamua . ESO.org (November 20, 2017). Date of treatment November 21, 2017.
- ↑ The tumbling rotational state of 1I / 'Oumuamua . Wesley C. Fraser, Petr Pravec, Alan Fitzsimmons, Pedro Lacerda, Michele T. Bannister, Colin Snodgrass, and Igor Smolić. Nature Astronomy (2018). DOI : 10.1038 / s41550-018-0398-z
- ↑ Eric Gaidos. Origin of Interstellar Object A / 2017 U1 in a Nearby Young Stellar Association? (Eng.) // Research Notes of the AAS: j. - 2017 .-- Vol. 1 . - P. 3 . - DOI : 10.3847 / 2515-5172 / aa9851 . - . - arXiv : 1711.01300 .
- ↑ Portegies Zwart. The origin of interstellar asteroidal objects like 1I / 2017 U1 (English) : j. - 2017 .-- Vol. 1711 . - P. 4 . - . - arXiv : 1711.03558 .
- ↑ Eric Mamajek. Kinematics of the Interstellar Vagabond A / 2017 U1 (unknown) // Research Notes of the AAS. - 2017 .-- T. 1710 . - S. 4 . — . — arXiv : 1710.11364 .
- ↑ Solar System's First Interstellar Visitor Dazzles Scientists (англ.) . Jet Propulsion Laboratory (20 November 2017). Date of treatment November 20, 2017.
- ↑ Stephen Clarke . An interstellar interloper is dashing through our solar system – Astronomy Now (англ.) (22 November 2017).
- ↑ Hein, Andreas M.; Perakis, Nikolaos; Long, Kelvin F.; Crowl, Adam; Eubanks, Marshall; Kennedy, Robert G., III; Osborne, Richard. Project Lyra: Sending a Spacecraft to 1I/ʻOumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the Interstellar Asteroid (англ.) : journal. — arXiv : 1711.03155 .
- ↑ Christian, Jon Harvard Astronomer Defends Hypothesis That Object Is Alien Probe (англ.) . Futurism (14 January 2019). — «chair of Harvard University's Astronomy Department Avi Loeb defended his controversial hypothesis that the interstellar object known as 'Oumuamua could be an alien probe — and speculated at length about the place of humanity in the cosmos». Date of treatment July 3, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Crane, Leah Interstellar object 'Oumuamua almost definitely not aliens, we think (англ.) . New Scientist (1 July 2019). Date of treatment July 3, 2019.
- ↑ Houser, Kristin Sorry, but 'Oumuamua the Asteroid Wasn't Sent by Aliens, Say Scientists, For Some Reason Dignifying This Yet Again (англ.) . Futurism (2 July 2019). — «Astronomers dubbed the strange asteroid 'Oumuamua, and soon, speculation swirled that the object was sent by aliens — but a new study may finally put the extraterrestrial theory to bed.». Date of treatment July 3, 2019.
- ↑ The 'Oumuamua ISSI Team, 2019 , p. 6.
Literature
- Bannister, Michele T. The natural history of 'Oumuamua : [ англ. ] / Michele T. Bannister, Asmita Bhandare, Piotr A. Dybczyński … [ et al. ] // Nature Astronomy : J. — 2019. — 1 July. — 9 p. — DOI : 10.1038/s41550-019-0816-x .
- Котов, Михаил. Землянам, до востребования // Популярная механика : журн. — 2018. — № 3. — С. 38.
Links
- 1I/Оумуамуа в каталоге экзопланет (недоступная ссылка) . Архивировано 8 ноября 2017 года.
- 1I/Оумуамуа в каталоге малых тел
- «Оумуамуа — гость Солнечной системы» (euronews) на YouTube
- Анимация пролета астероида Оумуамуа через Солнечную систему на YouTube