Lower Veduga (Talovsky district)

The village of Nizhnyaya Veduga is located 8 km west of the urban-type village of Talovaya, on the Sukhaya Chigla River near the Leonovka stopping station of the Kharkiv-Balashov railway (Liski-Saratov).

There is one street in the village - Stepnaya.

It was founded in the mid-1920s by immigrants from the village of Nizhnyaya Veduga of the Semiluksky district , having received the same name. ^[one]

All immigrants to the Talova district were descendants of several surnames of Kiev reitars from the list headed by Y. Efanov [ http: // z mlyansk.rf / to-interesno / 2015-03-08 / mernaya-i-otkaznaya-kniga-na-zemli -kievskim-reytarom-yakovu-evan], who received land in 1672 in Zemlyansky district.

Reitars are a special type of mounted army armed with firearms. In the 17th century, as part of the regiments of the "new system" of the Moscow kingdom, Reitars were stationed including in the city of Kiev, in the Reyta settlement, participated in the wars of that time. Now at this place in Kiev Reitarskaya street . At the end of the service, vacant lands were allocated to retired reiters for farming. A group of Kiev Reiters received land in 1672 near the rivers Veduga and Gnilush Zemlyansky Uyezd and founded the village of Kievka. Subsequently, this village became part of the nearby larger village of Nizhnyaya Veduga. According to their social status, the inhabitants of Kievka were considered to be single palaces . The name of the village "Veduga" came from the name of the river of the same name, a tributary of the Don, which, in turn, was brought, according to Zagorovsky, Vladimir Pavlovich , in the 12th century from the territory of the Chernigov principality along with the names of such tributaries of the Don as Voronezh and Maiden.

The resettlement to the Talova region took place on lands taken by the Soviet government from large landowners. The estates of these landowners were dismantled by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, after a couple of decades there were no traces from the gardens surrounding the estate.

The reasons for the resettlement are explained by a legend associated with a prominent activist of the Soviet government R. Zemlyachka. Before the revolution of 1917, one of the inhabitants of Kievka did her a favor, helping to hide from the police. In the 1920s, he turned to her for advice on what to do to the residents of Kievka under the new government. A fellow countrywoman, Rosalia Samoilovna explained to him that they are essentially fists that the new government will fight with, and advised me to seek a way out through the formation of collective farms.

Therefore, the immigrants formed a partnership for the cultivation of land (TOZ) and began to equip the economy in a new place. They built houses, farm buildings. There was the necessary equipment for cultivating the land, the ability and desire to work, and their economic activity was quite successful.

However, this did not save them from measures taken in the 1930s to organize collective farms, including dispossession was carried out. There were links, Groshev Mitrofan Egorovich was shot in the city of Bobrov (city) .

In the Great Patriotic War, the inhabitants of the village bore the burdens on a par with the whole country. Men were mobilized, not all returned from the front, some returned crippled. The last dead in battle, after the end of World War II, was Krutskikh Vasily Romanovich, a pilot who died in Korea. The circumstances of his death are described in the book by I. Seydov.

The front did not reach the village; it stopped in 1942, 80 km from it along the Don. German aircraft bombed the railway. Then, in the winter of 1942-43, trains traveled along this road with Germans frostbite near Stalingrad and their allies.

During the war, many people who fled from the cities gathered in the village - relatives and more. With all this, thanks to the mutual assistance and hard work of the inhabitants, there was no famine in the village.

In the post-war period, the village lived according to the same laws as the entire rural part of the country. From the time of dispossession, new residents began to appear, unrelated to the original settlers. Young people sought cities. A number of front-line soldiers remained to serve in the army. One of them, Ilya Ivanovich Krutskikh, rose to the rank of major general. In the village there was an elementary school, club, kindergarten. In the process of consolidation of collective farms, the inhabitants of the village turned out to be a brigade as part of larger associations. The number of inhabitants decreased.

Currently, there are a few permanent residents in the village, mainly pensioners. However, most of the houses have been preserved and are used as summer cottages, primarily by the descendants of the first settlers.

Voronezh region has long been inhabited by people. For example, 100 km from the village there are excavations of Paleolithic settlements near the village of Kostenki (Paleolithic site) .

In the steppes where the village is located, for thousands of years many peoples have been wandering. After the Russians settled the territory, many mounds remained for a long time, which subsequently disappeared after plowing the steppes. Excavations carried out not far from the nearby village of New Chigla on the site of the remains of the mound showed that this is a Sarmatian burial ground at the beginning of the 1st millennium A.D.

The villages of Staraya Chigla , Novaya Chigla and Verkhnyaya Tishanka were the first large Russian settlements in the settlement area. They appeared in the late 17th - early 18th centuries. The name of the Chigla River itself, according to one interpretation, came from the then name of the border sign - “Carduelis”, because the river was borderline with nomadic peoples.

Since the 18th century there was an intensive settlement of the surrounding lands, which began to belong to the famous royal nobles. Hence the names of settlements such as Orlovka, Buturlinovka , etc. In the village of Khrenovoy, Count Orlov created the famous Khrenovsk stud farm , which still exists today.

During the Civil War in the area of ​​New Chigla and Talova there were intense battles of the Red Army with white Cossacks.

Many famous people from all over the country came out of the surrounding places. For example, the well-known book publisher, friend of A.P. Chekhov - Suvorin, Aleksey Sergeevich (Korshevo village), Nobel laureate Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseevich (Novaya Chigla village), etc.

The village is located in an area called the Stone Steppe , which determines all the natural features. From the point of view of agriculture, this is, on the one hand, the presence of fertile chernozems, and on the other, a lack of moisture.

The animal world is diverse, but changes under the influence of man. For example, since the formation of the village, wolves and bustards have disappeared.

At the time of the formation of the village, the trees were represented only by a talnik along the banks of the river; there were fields around and treeless steppe. The nearest natural forests are located 15-20 km from the village ( Khrenovsky Bor and Shipova Dubrava ). The situation changed in the post-war years when the planting of forest belts that covered the steppes over many hundreds of kilometers began. Now in the area of ​​the village dominated by tree species inherent in these forest belts, i.e. fast-growing and drought tolerant, such as some species of maple and elm.

The main problem of the nature of the region at present is its conservation. The steppe and the few and shallow rivers are extremely sensitive to industrial farming methods (large farms, fertilizers, fish ponds, etc.) and, especially, to industrial emissions.

A typical example is the Sukhaya Chigla River. In the 1970s, thanks to a campaign to "chemicalize agriculture", the surrounding fields were littered with mineral fertilizers washed away into the river. The river is overgrown with algae, many species of fish and other living organisms have disappeared. The collapse of the economy, connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union, saved the river from its final destruction. Gradually, in the area of ​​the village, she came to life, although it was no longer in its original form.

The development of the new Russian economy again hit the river. Since it flows through the Talovaya district center, it is almost completely destroyed by its drains all the way to the village. There is a visible degradation of the river in the village. Of great potential danger in this regard are also the development of non-ferrous metals that is being started in the eastern regions of Talova (Elan-Koleno, Novokhopersk).

• Lower Veduga (rural village)
• FROM THE TALOVA HISTORY (Based on archive materials)

* Measured and abandoned book on land to Kiev reitars Yakov Yefanov from goods along the rivers Vedug and Gnilush Zemlyansky district. The year of July 1672 is 27 days. GAVO Foundation I-289 op.2.d.5.

* Zagorovsky V.P. About ancient Voronezh and the word "Voronezh". Voronezh: VSU Publishing House, 1977.

* Seydov I.A. "Red Devils" in the sky of Korea. Publisher: Yauza, Eksmo, 2007.

* Berezutsky V.D. Bronze coppers from the Sarmatian burial of the Novochigol burial mound. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Series: History, Political Science, Sociology, 2017 No. 2.