Polypedates (lat.) - a genus of tailless amphibians from the family of copepod frogs . For a long time, most species of the genus were part of the genus Rhacophorus . Only in 2008, on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies, both genera were recognized. The genus is a sister group in relation to Feihyla [2] . Polypedates + Feihyla form a sister group to Rhacophorus [3] .
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 Kostnogolovy paddle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Polypedates Tschudi , 1838 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Description
These are medium-sized frogs from 10 to 12 cm long. In their structure, they are in many ways similar to paddlers . The head is usually wide with large eyes and horizontal pupils. Muzzle in most species narrow, pointed or elongated. The body is small, slim. The hind limbs are well developed, there are small membranes between the fingers. All limbs have large or medium sized suction cups . The color of the back and abdomen is dominated by dark colors and shades. Many species have one or more light (sometimes dull) stripes of either rows of spots or dots. However, there are species with very bright colors [4] [5] .
Lifestyle
They live in tropical forests [6] . Lead mainly arboreal lifestyle. Active at dusk or in the morning. They feed on invertebrates [7] .
Spread
The area of the genus covers eastern India , Southeast Asia , the Philippines and Borneo [1] .
Classification
As of October 2018, the genus includes 24 species [8] [1] :
- Polypedates assamensis Mathew & Sen, 2009
- Polypedates braueri (Vogt, 1911)
- Polypedates chlorophthalmus Das, 2005
- Polypedates colletti (Boulenger, 1890) - Bigfoot
- Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 - Crusader Paddlefish , or Crusader Frog
- Polypedates discantus Rujirawan, Stuart & Aowphol, 2013
- Polypedates hecticus Peters, 1863
- Polypedates eques Günther, 1858
- Polypedates fastigo Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2001
- Polypedates hecticus Peters, 1863
- Polypedates impresus Yang, 2008
- Polypedates insularis Das, 1995
- Polypedates iskandari Riyanto, Mumpuni & McGuire, 2011
- Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) - House Paddlefish , or House Frog
- Polypedates macrotis (Boulenger, 1891) - Long - eared copepod , or Philippine copepod
- Polypedates maculatus (Gray, 1830) - Spotted Paddle
- Polypedates megacephalus Hallowell, 1861
- Polypedates mutus (Smith, 1940)
- Polypedates occidentalis Das & Dutta, 2006
- Polypedates otilophus (Boulenger, 1893) - Bone - headed copepod , or bony - headed copepod frog
- Polypedates pseudocruciger Das & Ravichandran, 1998
- Polypedates pseudotilophus Matsui, Hamidy & Kuraishi, 2014
- Polypedates ranwellai Wickramasinghe at al., 2012
- Polypedates subansiriensis Mathew & Sen, 2009
- Polypedates taeniatus (Boulenger, 1906) - Bengal Paddle
- Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987)
- Polypedates zed (Dubois, 1987)
Photo
Big-eared paddle
Polypedetes megacephalus
Spotted Paddle
Polypedates pseudocruciger
Notes
- 2 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. Polypedates . Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.0 . American Museum of Natural History (2017).
- ↑ Li, Jiatang; Dingqi Rao; Robert W. Murphy; Yaping Zhang. The systematic status of rhacophorid frogs (Neopr.) // Asian Herpetological Research. - 2011. - T. 2 . - p . 1-11 . - DOI : 10.3724 / SP.J.1245.2011.00001 .
- ↑ R. Alexander Pyron; John J. Wiens. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Eng.) // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution : journal. - Academic Press , 2011. - Vol. 61 , no. 2 - P. 543-583 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.06.012 . - PMID 21723399 .
- ↑ Wells, Kentwood D. The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians . - University of Chicago Press, 2010. - P. 1142. - ISBN 978-0-226-89333-4 .
- ↑ Amphibia Web. Rhacophoridae . Provides information on amphibian declines, natural history, conservation, and taxonomy (2017).
- ↑ Whipping Frogs (English) information on the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) website.
- ↑ Alfred Brehm, Henri-Émile Sauvage, 1889: L'homme et les animaux: les reptiles et les batraciens . J.-B. Baillière et fils, Paris. P 587 [1]
- Ань Ananyeva N. B. , Borkin L. Ya. , Darevsky I. S. , Orlov N. L. The Five-Language Dictionary of Animal Names. Amphibians and reptiles. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V.E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. lang., 1988. - pp. 133-135. - 10 500 copies - ISBN 5-200-00232-X .