Hans Emil Wilhelm Grimm ( German: Hans Emil Wilhelm Grimm ; March 22, 1875 , Wiesbaden - September 27, 1959 , Lippoldsberg) is a German writer and publicist. The title of his novel “A People Without Space ” in the Third Reich became a slogan justifying his expansionist policy.
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Biography
Hans Grimm is the son of a historian of law, a teacher of higher education and a deputy of the Landtag, Julius Grimm (1821-1911). Karl Grimm (1826-1893), a lawyer and deputy of the Reichstag, was Hans Grimm's uncle. As a result of an accident in childhood, Hans Grimm damaged his eyesight and grew up as a shy and reserved child. His literary abilities showed up quite early: already at the age of 12 he wrote a dramatic work about Robin Hood . After graduating from school in 1894, Hans Grimm entered the University of Lausanne , where he studied literature. A year later, at the insistence of his father, he interrupted his studies in Lausanne. In 1895, Hans Grimm continued his education in London , where he studied foreign trade. Upon graduation, he was hired by a German trading company in South African Port Elizabeth . Since 1901, Hans Grimm became an individual entrepreneur and port agent in East London , and also ran a farm.
In 1910, Hans Grimm returned from Africa and took up journalism, devoting himself to news from the German colony German South West Africa . In these articles of his for the first time subsequently glorified his expression "living space". In Germany, Grimm also studied state science at the Universities of Munich and Hamburg , then devoted himself to literary activity. In 1913, his "South African Novels" was published, written on the basis of personal experience living in German Africa and reflecting his racist views on the local population.
In World War I, Hans Grimm served as a soldier on the Western Front , and later was transferred to translators. In 1917, on the instructions of the high command of the German army, Grimm wrote the book “Oil Detectors from Douala”, which propagated the colonial ambitions of the German Empire and its ruling circles, and was subsequently accepted into the service of a propagandist. His mission was to "convince the press of neutral foreign countries that Germany was innocent in starting a war." At the end of the war, Grimm settled in Lippoldsberg, where he acquired a landlord's house and continued his literary work. Like many politicians and intellectuals of Germany of a nationalist nature, he deeply experienced the shameful, in his opinion, defeat of Germany in the war and the loss of colonies and was critical of the proclaimed Weimar Republic .
In 1920, Grimm began work on the novel People Without Space, which made him famous in 1926. In the novel, Grimm advocated gaining living space , which was to become a strategy in solving the economic and political problems of the German republic. Hans Grimm’s novel “People Without Space” became one of the best-selling during the Weimar Republic, its title quickly turned into a catch phrase. The slogan “People without space” conveniently reduced the causes of all social and economic problems of Germany to a certain deficit of space. Roman Grimm became the mouthpiece of the idea of the so-called "collective claustrophobia", which was soon picked up by the National Socialists and practically formalized into the so-called general plan of Ost . Hans Grimm was one of Adolf Hitler's favorite writers. Grimm himself, in the spirit of classical colonialism of Kaiser Germany, had in mind a new space for Germans, not in Europe, but on other continents, and wrote that the German needed space and sun above his head.
Hans Grimm has been sympathetic to the National Socialists since 1923, openly urging him to vote for Hitler in the Göttinger Tageblatt in the 1932 election , but has never been a member of the NSDAP . After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, he was appointed Senator of the Prussian Academy of Poetry alongside other affectionate National Socialists.
After the war in the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany, the works of Hans Grimm were banned and included in the list of seized literature .
Works
- Südafrikanische Novellen . Langen / Müller, Frankfurt am Main 1913
- Der Leutnant und der Hottentott und andere afrikanische Erzählungen . Deutsche Hausbücherei, Hamburg 1913
- Der Ölsucher von Duala. Ein Tagebuch . Ullstein, Berlin 1918
- Die Olewagen-Saga , Albert Langen, München 1918
- Volk ohne Raum . Albert Langen, München 1926
- Die dreizehn Briefe aus Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika . Albert Langen, München 1928
- Das deutsche Südwester-Buch Albert Langen, München 1929
- Der Schriftsteller und die Zeit. Bekenntnis . Albert Langen, München 1931
- Die Geschichte vom alten Blute und von der ungeheueren Verlassenheit. Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft, Berlin 1931
- Was wir suchen, ist alles. Drei Novellen Berlin 1933
- Lüderitzland. Sieben Begebenheiten . München 1933
- Englische Rede. Wie ich den Engländer sehe. C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1938
- Rußlanddeutsche und Donaudeutsche als Volksgruppen unterschiedlicher Fruchtbarkeit . In: DArchLandesVolksforschung 4, 1940
- Die Erzbischofschrift. Antwort eines Deutschen . Plesse Verlag, Göttingen 1950
- Leben in Erwartung. Meine Jugend . Klosterhaus-Verlag, Lippoldsberg 1954
- Warum, woher, aber wohin? Klosterhaus-Verlag, Lippoldsberg 1954
- Suchen und Hoffen. Klosterhaus-Verlag, Lippoldsberg 1960
- Die Thomas Mann Schrift. Klosterhaus-Verlag, Lippoldsberg 1972
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Berlin Academy of Arts - 1993.
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118542249 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
Literature
- Christian Adam: Lesen unter Hitler: Autoren, Bestseller, Leser im Dritten Reich. Galliani, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86971-027-3 , S. 280ff.
- Timm Ebner: Nationalsozialistische Kolonialliteratur. Koloniale und antisemitische Verräterfiguren 'hinter den Kulissen des Welttheaters'. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2016, S. 43-78.
- Gudrun Eiselen: Südafrikanische Lebensform in Hans Grimms Dichtung . OO 1951.
- Manfred Franke: Grimm ohne Glocken. Ambivalenzen im politischen Denken und Handeln des Schriftstellers Hans Grimm . SH-Verlag, Köln 2009, ISBN 978-3-89498-192-1 .
- Dieter Lattmann: Raum als Traum. Hans Grimm und seine Saga von der Volkheit . In: Propheten des Nationalismus , hrsg. v. Karl Schwedhelm. List, München 1969.
- Baboucar Ndiaye: Beschreibung Afrikas in der neueren deutschsprachigen Literatur. Am Beispiel von Hans Grimms afrikanischen Dramen und Novellen und Uwe Timms Roman "Morenga" . Magisterarbeit, Universität Konstanz 2006. ( Volltext )
- Hans Sarkowicz: Zwischen Sympathie und Apologie: Der Schriftsteller Hans Grimm und sein Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus . In: Karl Corino (Hrsg.): Intellektuelle im Bann des Nationalsozialismus . (= Bücher zur Sache) Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1980, ISBN 3-455-01020-2 .
- Heike Wolter: Volk ohne Raum. Lebensraumvorstellungen im geopolitischen, literarischen und politischen Diskurs der Weimarer Republik. Eine Untersuchung auf der Basis von Fallstudien zu Leben und Werk Karl Haushofers, Hans Grimms und Adolf Hitlers . (= Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte; 7) LIT, Münster ua 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6790-0 .
- Peter Zimmermann: Kampf um den Lebensraum. Ein Mythos der Kolonial- und Blut-und-Boden-Literatur . In: Horst Denkler, Karl Prümm (Hrsg.): Die deutsche Literatur im Dritten Reich. Themen - Traditionen - Wirkungen . Reclam, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-15-010260-X .
Links
- Grimm, Hans at the German National Library .
- Biography (German)