Tikhvinsky, Fedor Vasilyevich

Born in the family of the deacon of the village of Pektubaevo of the Yaran district, Vasily Tikhvinsky and his wife, Ekaterina Stefanovna, nee?. My father died in 1881, when Fedor was still in seminary.

In 1885 he graduated with honors from the Vyatka Theological Seminary , receiving a certificate of first rank. Since January 18, 1886 he was appointed the psalmist of the Assumption Church of the Kukarka settlement. On August 29, 1888, he was ordained in a priesthood to the church of Vysilia the Great in the village of Bays, Urzhum district ^[1] .

In 1892, with the assistance of the Dean Fr. Jacob Rednikov for the first time in deanery organized a library for the clergy of the 2nd Deanery district of the Urzhum district ^[2] , in 1893, after being elected clergy, he was appointed its librarian. A little later it became part of the Vyatka fraternity of St. Nicholas and the miracle worker.

Old Believer Missionary and Fighter

On April 11, 1895 ^[3] , an anti-splinter mission was officially established in Urzhum Uyezd, and Father Fyodor was appointed a missionary in Urzhum Uyezd. He published a number of works on the history of the Old Believers in the Vyatka province ^[1] . During the service of Fr. Fyodor, a missionary, opened an Orthodox parish with a wooden church in the name of the Holy Spirit in the village of Russian Turek , the center of the Old Believers-Bespopovites in the south of the Vyatka province. The missionary Fyodor Tikhvinsky published in the beginning of 1898 a congratulation on the opening day of this parish in the Vyatka Diocesan Vedomosti ^[2] . Father Fyodor wrote about the Old Believers bespopovtsev:

[The village of Russkiy Turek, as the center of the Old Believers, is] a “tightly knit, religious and economic community, in which one keeps the other: the ruble grows by faith, and faith grows stronger by the ruble. The community system is supported by well-maintained prayers, widespread charity and timely help “in their own”, food for the poor by funeral lunches in an almshouse and the economic dependence of the population on the bounty of employers of wealthy timber merchants - schismatics. Such a community is strong ” ^[4] .

On the initiative of about. Fedor in 1901 at the congress of the missionary society of the 2nd Deanery District decided to open "a church school in the village of Komarova parish with. Votsky , where is the center of the split, and open a church school in the village of Chernushka in the parish of the village of Laj , which also has a schismatic population. ” He had conversations with the Old Believers, about which he published reports in the Vyatka Diocesan Vedomosti, in particular, in 1903 ^[1] .

The beginning of political activity

In February 1905, a group of 20 priests turned to Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky) with a request to accept them to discuss the situation in which the Russian Orthodox Church was. On February 14, priests handed over a note to him at the meeting urging them to begin church reforms, convene a local Council and restore the canonical freedoms of the Church. Around this group of priests, the core of the "renovationist" movement was formed, which included Fr. Fedor Tikhvin ^[5] .

In 1905, Fr. Fedor was transferred from Baysa to the city of Urzhum , where he became rector of the Trinity Cathedral. Presented to the rank of archpriest, but did not receive it. In the same 1905, he fell into disgrace ^[6] and, for his “inconsistency in views” on the Manifesto on October 17, 1905 with the diocesan authorities, was transferred by the rector of the Trinity Church in the village of Chudinovo, Oryol Uyezd ^[2] . Then he served as a law teacher in the Urzhum girls' gymnasium. Member and organizer of the All-Russian Peasant Union in Urzhum district ^[2] .

In the State Duma

On February 14, 1907 ^{[7] he} was elected to the State Duma of the 2nd convocation from the general electors of the Vyatka Provincial Electoral Assembly. He joined the Labor Group and the faction of the Peasant Union .

Orthodox publicist D. Skrynchenko writes about how shocked the appearance of a priest on the left flank of the Duma:

“Being present at one of the sessions of the State Duma, I involuntarily drew attention to the priest sitting on the left side, among the deputies, flaunting their red ties, red jokes on their jackets, red cards on chairs. “Who is it,” I asked. - "ABOUT. Tikhvin, “- they told me ... And I wanted to wholeheartedly shout to this“ father ”: why are you here? Why do you insult the cross that you carry on your chest? ” ^[8]

O. Fedor was a member of the Duma commission on the abolition of military courts, the commission on requests, the commission on freedom of conscience and the commission on affairs of the Orthodox Church. From the Duma tribune he made many speeches, and became known as one of the best speakers. Speaking about the abolition of the death penalty, he defined them as “nasty to Christ” acts and refused the government to justify its cruelty ^[9] . In his speeches on the agrarian question of. Fedor said:

"The land of God, and the working peasant, has the right to it, just as each of us has the right to water and air."

“... the mass of the peasantry is regal. The labor peasantry only requires that the principle be strictly enforced: "the whole earth is for the whole people." Which way the land will be alienated in favor of the peasants is not so important, the main thing is to endow everyone “in fairness”, and not from “practical considerations” ^[9] .

In addition, Tikhvinsky’s speeches about military courts and amnesty are known.

In 1907, while working in the Duma, he collaborated in publishing an organ of the Labor Group of the newspaper “ Labor People ”.

Deprivation

On May 7, 1907, a discussion was scheduled in the Duma regarding a request to the government for rumors about an attempt on the assassination of Nicholas II (case of Nikitenko and others). But the Trudoviks and members of the leftist factions were demonstratively absent from government explanations. Including five priests were absent: Anthony Grinevich , Alexander Brilliantov , Alexander Arkhipov , Konstantin Kolokolnikov and Theodore Tikhvinsky. This caused a discussion in the Holy Synod , on May 12, 1907, he adopted the definition "On priests, members of the State Duma and belonging to the extreme revolutionary parties." It stated that the clergy listed “clearly evaded censure of the plans of regicide” ^[10] , that the priest's dignity demands “to be submissive to the highest authorities” and the desire to overthrow the authorities is incompatible with the title of “spiritual pastor”. Only A. Grinevich managed to “justify himself”, the rest, including Fr. Fedor, were banned in the ministry ^[9] .

After deprivation of dignity, he tried to enter Yuriev University , but was refused. Settled in the city of Slobodsky , entered the private service ^[11] . Then he entered military service. In 1917, he served as senior resident of the Kholmsky military hospital ^[2] , according to other sources, he worked as a doctor ^[11] .

March 6, 1917 from the meeting of the clergy of the city of Vyatka, a greeting was sent to the former priests Nikolai Ognev and Fyodor Tikhvinsky as members of the clergy who suffered from the old system for their beliefs ^[12] .

August 12-15, 1917 participated in the State Conference in Moscow .

The fate and date of death is unknown.

“He is stocky and broad, with a large beard, large gray simple-minded eyes. Despite his eloquence. He is shy and suspicious. Everything seems to him: he didn’t say so, not strong enough. ” V. G. Tan-Bogoraz ^[2] .

• Wife - Athanasia Petrovna, nee?, Daughter of a priest.
  • Son - John, graduated from Vyatka Theological Seminary in 1910 ^[13] .
  • Son is Nicanor,
  • Daughter - Athanasius
  • Daughter - Barbara (? —17.05.1899)
• Sister - Alexandra, married?, A graduate in the Assumption Church of the city of Nolinsk , has been a widow since 1885.

• 1891 - Legguard ^[1] .
• 1896 - Medal in memory of Emperor Alexander III ^[1] .
• 1897 - a scoop ^[1] .
• Allegedly awarded ^{[ what? ] The} interim government, as a "victim of tsarism" ^[2] .

• Tikhvinsky F. The history of the split in the village of Russian Turek, Urzhum district, Vyatka diocese. // Vyatka Provincial Gazette, 1897.
• Tikhvin F. Turek and its significance in the Old Believers. 1897.
• Tikhvinsky F. On measures of pastoral influence on schism. // Vyatka diocesan sheets, 1903.

• Boyovich M. M. Members of the State Duma (Portraits and Biographies). The second convocation. M. 1907. S. 74.
• State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. B. Yu. Ivanov, A.A. Komzolova, I.S. Ryakhovskaya. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008.S. 613-614.
• 150 years since the birth of the priest Theodore Tikhvinsky, deputy of the State. Thoughts
• Platonov G. M. The Orthodox Church and the Political Life of Provincial Russia. 1900-1914 [Electronic resource]: Based on materials from the Saratov province Dis. ... cand. East. Sciences: 07.00.02.-M .: RSL, 2003 (From the funds of the Russian State Library)
• Tikhvin Fyodor Vasilyevich // Mari story in persons
• Urzhum city and its priests

Recommended Sources

• Vladimir Sitnikov . Encyclopedia of the land of Vyatka: EZV: where are we from?
• Gerasimov L. In the second State Duma. // The modern world, No. 6 for 1907;
• Tang . Deputies of the II Duma: Essays and drafts. // Russian wealth, No. 4 for 1907;
• A. Markov. Encyclopedia of the Earth Vyatka. T. 6. Noble people. Kirov. 1996. pp. 440-441
• Nikolaev A. B. The struggle of the forces of the revolution and counter-revolution in connection with the convocation of the State Conference (April - August 1917): The dissertation ... of the candidate of historical sciences. L, 1989.
• Bulanakova M.A., Kulikov S.V., Patrikeeva O.A., Chubinsky-Nadezhdin V.V., Shamakhov V.A. Russian speakers in the State Duma (1906 - 1917): 1906 - 1907 .. In 2 volumes. T. 1 C. 334-342
• Firsov S. L. The Russian Church on the Eve of Change: (end of the 1890s - 1918)

Archives

• Russian State Historical Archive. Foundation 1278. Inventory 1 (2nd convocation). Case 433; Case 601. Sheet 2.