Relationship of the Golden Horde with Egypt

The relations of the Golden Horde with Egypt are the diplomatic, political, trade and cultural ties of the rulers of the Golden Horde (Ulus Juchi) with the Mamluk sultans of Egypt . Established on the eve and during the collapse of the Mongol Empire .

The continuation of the wars of conquest by the Mongolian army in the Middle East was opposed not only by the Mamluk ruler Beibars who defeated the Mongol detachment in the battle of Ain Djailut in 1260, but also by the khan of the Golden Horde Berke , a zealous Muslim and an opponent of the Nestorian Mongolian party that surrounded Huluga , the governor of the empire in Iran . To counter the Mongols of Iran, Beibars and Berke entered into a diplomatic alliance. Significant development of trade, cultural and diplomatic relations of the Golden Horde with the Mamluk Egypt reached during the reign of Uzbek , who tried to enlist the support of the rulers of Egypt in the fight against the Hulaguids of Iran . The ruler of Egypt, Sultan al-Malik an-Nasyr, sought to conclude a dynastic marriage with representatives of the Genghisides' family and marry Tulunbai, the daughter of Tunadji, a relative of the Khan. After lengthy negotiations, the princess Tulunbai in 1320 arrived in Egypt, but according to the information that the ambassadors reported to Uzbek, al-Malik al-Nasyr drove her out a few days and married her to one of her Mamelukes. In the early 20s she died. The news of this somewhat cooled relations between the two countries. The successor of Uzbek Janibek continued his ties with Egypt. In 1356, he made a trip to Azerbaijan , seized Tabriz , as he reported in his letter to the Mamluk Sultan. After twenty years of turmoil of 1361-1380, which was tearing apart the Golden Horde, Toktamysh , who had come to power, also renewed ties with Egypt. The devastating campaigns of Tamerlane , the weakening and disintegration of the Golden Horde led to the cessation of the Juchid-Mamluk connections. Diplomatic correspondence between them was conducted in Kypchak language . Arab diplomats, merchants and travelers repeatedly visited the Golden Horde and left valuable information on the history of this state.