Karavashkin, Andrey Vitalievich

In 1986 he graduated from the Faculty of Russian Language and Literature of Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V.I. Lenin (MGPI) , then in 1986–1988 he served in the Soviet army in the air defense forces , and in 1991 he graduated from the graduate school of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute with the defense in December 1991 of the Ph.D. "(Scientific adviser - doctor of philological sciences, professor N. I. Prokofiev , opponents - doctor of philological sciences V.V. Kuskov , candidate of philological sciences A.S. Eleonskaya).

From 1991 to 2004 he worked at the Department of Russian Literature of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, having gone from a senior teacher to a professor. In June 2001 he defended his doctoral dissertation “Russian medieval journalism: the problem of creative personality ( Ivan Peresvetov , Ivan the Terrible, Andrei Kurbsky )” (scientific consultant - Doctor of Philology, professor - V. I. Fedorov ) ^[2] . He was awarded the Losev Prize of the Moscow State Pedagogical University for his participation in the preparation of the Pushkin Encyclopedia and the textbook Old Russian Literature . He also worked at PSTGU and SSPSU (formerly PSGSA) .

In 2004-2005 , he was vice-rector for research at the Moscow Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute (MGPI) .

Since 2005 - professor of the Russian State Humanitarian University ^[3] . He is the author of about 120 publications, including a textbook for higher educational institutions “ Ancient Russian literature of the 11th – 17th centuries” (co-authored by L. A. Olshevskaya , S. N. Travnikov and N. V. Trofimova, edited by V. I Korovin ), circulation of 10,000 copies.

He took part in a number of television and radio programs as an expert ^{[4] [5] [6]} .

The scientific interests of A.V. Karavashkin are related to the history of polemical book writing of Muscovite Russia ( XV - XVII centuries), the literary culture of Kievan Rus ( XI - XIII centuries) and the Russian medieval state ( XIV- XVII centuries), the history and methodology of historical science .

In his Ph.D. thesis “The Concept of Man and the Methods of Representing Historical Persons in the Messages of Ivan the Terrible” A.V. Karavashkin turned to a comprehensive study of polemical medieval texts, examined the main aspects of the worldview of Ivan the Terrible and the figures of his time in connection with historiosophical , theological and state-legal problems Old Russian literacy, reviewed images of historical persons system, a reference to the biblical texts , citation and retrospective historical analogies in the middle of the letters the second half of the XVI century . The paper also noted cases of coincidences between texts attributed to Ivan IV and ambassadorial books of the 16th century . This was preceded by a work of a historiographic nature: in the dissertation, a large stratum of research of the 19th – 20th centuries devoted to the Terrible publicist was investigated and generalized ^[7] .

The monograph “Russian Medieval Journalism: Ivan Peresvetov , Ivan the Terrible, Andrei Kurbsky” discusses the development of polemical book-writing of medieval Russia for several decades, from the 40s to the 80s. XVI century. As a result of a comparative study of the book heritage of the three leading secular publicists of the Moscow kingdom, the author comes to the conclusion that in the 16th century three state models were formed: prophetic, statist and eschatological . Of course, these three approaches should not be considered in isolation; they are interconnected. The collection of Ivan Peresvetov is presented in the book as a literary and ideological whole; for the first time, its composition and complex hierarchy of images are studied in such detail - the characters in a kind of medieval apocrypha dedicated to the fate of the kingdoms. In the messages of Grozny, the author of the monograph pays attention to the mythology of sacrifice and self-denial, which was one of the foundations of the doctrine of the Russian "autocracy". In the texts of A. M. Kurbsky, A. V. Karavashkin is attracted to the charismatic concept of advisers to the good sovereign and the doctrine of the death of the last Orthodox kingdom, which in many respects echoes the late polemics of the leaders of the Old Believers . These aspects of the medieval worldview are investigated in connection with the features of the literary form of the works of Peresvetov , Grozny and Kurbsky. Basically, the contents of the book are reflected in the doctoral dissertation of A.V. Karavashkin.

In the analytical monograph “The literary custom of Ancient Russia ( XI - XVI centuries)”, the literary culture of the Russian Middle Ages becomes the area of ​​study and reconstruction. The purpose of the work is to consider the practice of ancient Russian scribes as a “literary custom”, which in the Middle Ages did not become the subject of special theoretical reflection. The levels of the literary custom of Ancient Russia, in accordance with the concept of the researcher, suggested typical constructions, typical motives and formulas (toposs), typical explanations or interpretations (conventional models). The book covers the most famous monuments of Russian literature of the Middle Ages from the " Tale of Bygone Years " to the " Graduate Book " and " Kazan History ". The book became a kind of continuation of scientific practices for the description of Old Russian literature as a system of the whole. For this A.V. Karavashkin refers to the legacy of V.P. Adrianova-Peretz and D.S. Likhachev , as well as many other Russian mediaevists . The monograph contains polemic sections on the theory of "literary etiquette."

A. V. Karavashkin also took part in the formation of such a new direction in Russian historical science and medieval scholarship as historical phenomenology ^[8] . For the first time, historical phenomenology (not to be confused with the philosophical direction of the 20th century) as an integrated method of Russian historiography was announced in the book of the medievalist A. L. Yurganov, “Categories of Russian medieval culture”. In historian’s studies, the refrain passes the idea of ​​a situation of misunderstanding (hermeneutic situation), which is the most important impulse in the work on the interpretation of a historical source, the main object of science about the past. According to A. L. Yurganov, the main task of the historian-phenomenologist is to give the “alien animation” the right to a monologue ^[9] . The development and implementation of these provisions are the subject of joint articles and books by A. V. Karavashkin and A. L. Yurganov (monographs “The Experience of Historical Phenomenology” and “Dox Region. Sources of Culture”). These publications caused controversy in science (mainly in the writings of historians) ^[10] . At the same time, historical phenomenology has gained some recognition and is considered as one of the new methods of modern historical science and medieval studies ^[11] . On the pages of the almanac "Source of Culture" (ed. Ed., Compiled by A. L. Yurganov) A.V. Karavashkin published a number of articles on the status of hypotheses in modern humanities , hermeneutics , citations, and general passages of medieval texts as a scientific problem.

In the articles of 2014-2017, A.V. Karavashkin refers to the historiography of the Time of Troubles , the problems of poetics of monuments of the pre-Mongol era (" The Word of Igor's Campaign "), the study of the scientific and philosophical heritage of such classical humanists of the 20th century as P. M. Bitsilli , A. F. Losev and D. S. Likhachev ^[12] .

• Karavashkin A.V. Russian medieval journalism: Ivan Peresvetov , Ivan the Terrible , Andrei Kurbsky . M .: Prometheus, 2000 .-- 418 p. - ISBN 5-7042-0972-2
• Karavashkin A.V., Yurganov A.L. Experience in historical phenomenology: a difficult path to evidence. M .: RGGU , 2003 .-- 381 p. - ISBN 5-7281-0645-5
• Karavashkin A.V., Yurganov A.L. Dox region. Sources of culture. M .: RGGU, 2005 .-- 209 p. - ISBN 5–7281–0744
• Gnatik, Ekaterina Nikolaevna. Science and quasi-science: monograph. / Ekaterina Nikolaevna Gnatik, Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Danilov, Andrey Vitalievich Karavashkin ... [and others. ]. - M .: Alpha-M, 2008 .-- 318 p. - 500 copies. - BBK 87 . - UDC . - ISBN 978-5-98281-133-2 .
• Karavashkin A.V. Literary custom of Ancient Russia (XI-XVI centuries). - M.: ROSSPEN , 2011 .-- 551 p. - ISBN 978-5-8243-1469-4
• Karavashkin A.V. Literary custom of Ancient Russia (XI — XVII centuries). M .; St. Petersburg: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2018 .-- 720 p. - ISBN 978-5-98712-851-0

• Page on the website of RSUH
• Ivan Timofeev - historian of the beginning of the XVII century. - in the light of modern interpretations // Historical Expertise. 2014. No. 1. S. 25-37.
• Isaev D.P. Source of culture or the phenomenological method in modern Russian historiography // Clio. Journal for scientists. 2013. No. 12 (84). S. 142-145.
• Gurevich P.S. The Phenomenon of Artistic Identity (Thematic Review) // Psychology and Psychotechnics. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 98-106.
• Shaikin A. A. On the “literary custom” of Ancient Russia (Karavashkin A. V. Literary custom of Ancient Russia (XI-XVI centuries. M., 2011) // Ancient Russia. Issues of Medieval studies . 2013. No. 1 (51). S 125-129.
• Kuznetsov I.V. Retz. to: Karavashkin A.V. Literary custom of Ancient Russia (XI-XVI centuries). Series "Humanitas". Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2011 .-- 544 p. // Site “World History. Unified scientific and educational space "
• Video lectures . PostScience .