Bekovo (manor)

The Ustinov manor occupied the third part of the village of Bekovo . The manor house had a classicist style manor house (built in 1830-32), 5 stone apartment houses, a garden, a greenhouse, a stone pantry, a two-story wooden barn , a wooden bird yard, two stone stables , a stone sawmill. On Khopre there was a water flour mill . The Ustinovs estate cultivated cereal bread, cereals , flax was grown . At their own distilleries received alcohol sold to the state. Almost two dozen acres occupied the apple orchard. There were a herd of Simmental mestizos in the estate, flocks of sheep, and a herd of horses.

In 1877, near the village of Bekovo, in the Ustinov forest, on the Mount Shikhan , a kumys- medical institution was opened (for the treatment of patients with tuberculosis ). Along the clearing cut in the forest, houses with furnished rooms were built. Nearby, in a large meadow, a vocal hall for one hundred people was built, in which dance evenings were held twice a week. Nearby was a pond with boats for skiing.

Barsky residential estate was located in the southeastern part of the village near the old town (bay) of Khopra and stretched along the coast in a narrow strip having a width of not more than 150 meters and a length of about a kilometer. The estate area was no more than 10–13 acres. The manor was fenced. In the northeast corner of the estate, near the river, since 1825 stood the Intercession Church with a bell tower. Near the church there was a cemetery where there were burials of the Ustinovs (quite possibly, there was also the grave of the first owner of the estate).

In the opposite, northwestern side of the greenery of the park towered, like a medieval castle, a stone house in a pseudo-Gothic style. Between the “Gothic castle” and the Church of the Intercession there were three stone wings, forming, as it were, the letter P , but with passages between them. In the 1830s, the wings were redone, and in their place there appeared a sophisticated “Mirror” palace, which was burnt to the ground in the early 1920s.

Over time, the area of ​​the Ustinovs estate turned out to be semi-surrounded by rural buildings, a large market area, prefabricated buildings and a village formed after A.M. Ustinov carried out a small railway line connecting the village of Bekovo and Vertunovskaya station.

The creator of the estate is a college adviser Adrian Mikhailovich Ustinov (1802-1883), the third son of the Saratov millionaire Mikhail Andrianovich Ustinov , who acquired the village of Bekovo from the family of MZ Durasov at the very beginning of the 19th century.

Adrian Ustinov was a Bek landowner for 53 years, from 1830 to 1883. According to his convictions, A. M. Ustinov was a liberal. From 1819 to 1829 he served in the Asian Department and the Archives of the Collegium of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire . He resigned as a college adviser . He was closely acquainted with many famous people during the reign of Emperor Alexander I. Among his acquaintances - statesmen M. M. Speransky , M. A. Miloradovich , Decembrists S. P. Trubetskoy , Z. G. Chernyshov , P. A. Mukhanov , B. K. Danzas , V. P. Zubkov, I N. Gorstkin, writers M.P. Pogodin , S.P. Shevyryov . The surname A.M. Ustinova appeared in investigative cases on Decembrists. However, due to the lack of strong evidence of involvement in secret societies, Ustinov was not arrested. In his personal archive A. M. Ustinov kept documents on the history of the Decembrist movement, he also financially helped one of the Decembrists - F. F. Vadkovsky - in exile ^[4] .

A. M. Ustinov was a large landowner. After the death of his father in 1836, he had at his disposal 2,000 male and as many female souls who lived in the villages of Bekovo, Sokolka, the villages of Mitkire , Podlesnaya, Elanka, Bayka, in the settlement of Vasilyevsky.

A. M. Ustinov was married to Anna Karlovna Shits (d. 1837), the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel K. P. Shits, commandant of the city of Grodno . The wedding took place in 1824. The Ustinov couple had 7 children, two of whom died in infancy. Adrian's daughter, Ekaterina Adrianovna Ustinova (1824–1846), was married to Arkady Dmitrievich Stolypin (1822–1899). They had a son Dmitry Arkadyevich Stolypin (1846-1899). During childbirth, E. A. Ustinova died. A. D. Stolypin raised his son with A. M. Ustinov. The second marriage, Arkady Dmitrievich Stolypin was married to Natalya Dmitrievna Gorchakova (1827-1889). From this marriage was born Peter Arkadyevich Stolypin (1862-1911), half- brother of Dmitry Stolypin, grandson of A. M. Ustinov ^[5] .

After the death of A.K. Shits, Adrian Ustinov lived in a civil marriage with Maryana Kryukova, who served in his estate. Adrian Ustinov and Maryana Kryukova had two sons - Adrian and Alexander. At the direction of Ustinov, a house was built for them in Bekovo. Adrian Aleksandrovich Kryukov (1849-1908) was a professor at Moscow University , a well-known Russian ophthalmologist (patronymic of Kryukov - named after his godfather). In 1892, Kryukov, at the request of students, published the Eye Diseases Course, which he taught at Moscow University. In the processing of V. P. Odintsov, “The course of eye diseases” was a textbook of Soviet ophthalmologists ^[4] .

A. M. Ustinov was a good friend of A. S. Pushkin . He met the great poet Adrian Mikhailovich in February 1831. According to the assumption of L. Kraval, in 1833, returning to St. Petersburg from the Orenburg province , where the poet collected material for the history of the Pugachev riot , AS Pushkin visited Ustinov in the Bekov estate ^[6] .

A. M. Ustinov left the warmest memories of his contemporaries. So, E. N. Kolpakova wrote to him:

“In you I had to meet a person who is above all prejudices and little things in the world, you do not look at people from the height of your position alone, put the division into castes far. I had to convince myself of this, and I am not expressing it to you alone, but because, perhaps a little boldly, I formed the opinion that only nobility and humanity, in the broad sense of the word, deserve the title of aristocrat, but not as aristocracy the right to the title of an honest and morally developed person ” ^[4]

The last owners of the estate - the wife of Mikhail Adrianovich Ustinov (son of Adrian Mikhailovich) Maria Alekseevna Ustinova (nee Serebryakova) and her 15-year-old son Nikolai - left the estate in 1913, on the eve of the First World War , selling the estate with the kumysoleznichnoy to the merchant P. P. Makarov , who in 1917 donated his estate to the Soviet government free of charge ^[7] .

Until now, the “Gothic castle” and the fence have been preserved from the Ustinov estate. The Church of the Intercession was destroyed in 1934, and after a quarter of a century the cemetery was wiped off the face of the earth. The park is running.

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  Bekovo. Entrance to the former Ustinov estate. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Gothic castle. 2011.

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  Bekovo. The territory of the Ustinov estate. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Manor Ustinov. Dining room. Entrance. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Manor Ustinov. Dining room. Side view. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Manor Ustinov. Bridge. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Manor Ustinov. View of the bridge. 2011.

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  Bekovo. Manor Ustinov. Former steps to Zaton Lake. 2011.

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