Brodick Castle ( Brodick Castle ) - a medieval castle located in the city of Brodick ( North Ayrshire , in Scotland ), on the east coast of the island of Arran . Previously, the area around the fortress was a strategically important place, so the castle often took an active part in civil wars on the territory of modern Scotland.
| Castle | |
| Brodik | |
|---|---|
| English Brodick castle | |
 | |
| A country | Scotland |
| Region | North Ayrshire |
| Status | Protected by the National Trust of Scotland |
| Site | nts.org.uk/Visit/Brodick ... |
Content
History
Even before the Vikings were expelled from Arran, and the rest of the west coast of Scotland after the Battle of Largs in 1263 , the territory of the modern castle was used by the Vikings for refuge and planning raids on the territory of modern Scotland. [one]
In 1406 , in the same year, when James I was captured by English pirates, and Robert III, the king of Scotland, died, Brodick Castle was badly damaged by British troops who sailed to Brodick Bay. [1] Further destruction of the castle was due to John of Isle, Lord of the Islands , who, in 1455 , abandoned and devastated the fortress. [2]
Hamilton
At some point, after 1470, the castle was given to Jacob III by his son-in-law - James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton . His son - James Hamilton, 2nd Lord Hamilton , for his services, received a new title - Earl of Arran , in 1503 . [3]
The fortress was rebuilt and rebuilt into the castle tower by James, by 1510 . But already in 1528 the fortress suffered after the battles during the disagreement of two clans - Campbell and MacLane . [1] [3]
A few years later, the castle tower was attacked by English troops, led by the Earl of Lennox , on behalf of Henry VIII , in revenge for the actions of the 2nd Lord Hamilton. James Hamilton, 3rd Lord Hamilton , was regent of Scotland , at a time when Mary Stuart was still a baby and was second in line to the throne of Scotland. [3]
In 1543, James Hamilton actively participated in the implementation of the marriage of Mary with the Dauphin of France (heir to the French throne). However, the 2nd Earl of Arran was rewarded for his efforts and was endowed with the title of Duke of Chatellerault in the Peerst of France . During his tenure as Scottish Regent, James continued to enlarge and expand the castle. [one]
In 1639, Scotland was divided between the Presbyterianism of the Lords of the Congregation and the bishopric approved by the king. James Hamilton, 3rd Lord Hamilton, was sent north to secure the king’s will. Archibald Campbell, 1st Lord Argyll , was the de facto ruler of Scotland and the leader of the Presbyterian faction. Lord Argyle captured the residence of the Hamilton clan - Brodick fortress. [1] In 1643, Hamilton was made duke and he rebuilt the castle the following year, at the beginning of the Scottish Civil War . [2]
In 1650, Oliver Cromwell’s army took control of the castle and expanded it by building an artillery battery to protect a strategically important location in a narrow sea bay near the fortress. [2]
Brodick was again captured by the Campbells in 1646 , when the success of the royalists ended. The duke was captured after the catastrophic battle of Preston and was killed in March 1649 . He was succeeded by his brother William, Lord Lanark , but he died of wounds received at the Battle of Worcester in 1651 . The Duchy Hamilton and Erldom Arran passed to the duke's only surviving child - Anne . She was involuntarily sent to Brodick fortress for her safety. [2]
A few years later, the Duchess Ann returned to her estates in Lanarkshire and West Lothian , and in 1656 she married William Douglas, 1st Lord Selkirk . Anne never returned to Brodick, but her husband, who was endowed with the title of Duke of Hamilton, used his castle as a base for hunting trips all his life. [2] [3]
In 1843, William, 11th Duke of Hamilton , married Maria Baden , the youngest daughter of the Grand Duke of Baden, Karl and Stephanie de Beauharnais . In 1844, massive construction work was carried out in the castle, after which the castle almost tripled, under the direction of architect James Gillespie Graham . [1] The 12th Duke of Hamilton, William had no male heirs, so his titles passed to his distant cousin Alfred Douglas-Hamilton after his death, but the castle was given to his only daughter - Mary Louise Douglas-Hamilton . She married James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose in 1906 , and therefore, after more than five hundred years, Brodick Castle ceased to be the possession of the Hamilton . [1] [2]
Currently, the fortress is owned by the National Trust of Scotland . [1] [2] [4]
See also
- Arran (island)
- Hamilton
- Count Arran
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Undiscovered Scotland: info@undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Brodick Castle & Gardens Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Date of treatment October 4, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 WEBSPan - Web Development Solutions, Edinburgh. History of the Stewarts | Castles and Buildings | Brodick Castle www.stewartsociety.org. Date of treatment October 4, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Coventry, Martin. The castles of Scotland . - 4th ed. - Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2006 .-- xiv, 658 pages p. - ISBN 1841584495 .
- ↑ Brodick Castle, Garden & Country Park . The National Trust for Scotland. Date of treatment October 7, 2017.