Migration policy of the European Union is a set of principles, norms and methods used by member countries of the European Union to regulate migration processes in the eurozone .
The regulation of the migration crisis caused by economic and political instability in a number of countries in the Middle East , North and East Africa has become one of the key tasks in the international arena, in particular, in the activities of the European Union.
Content
- 1 Basic principles and directions of migration policy of the European Union
- 1.1 The principle of solidarity
- 1.2 The resettlement of refugees in the eurozone
- 1.3 Social adaptation of migrants in Europe
- 2 Key services (agencies) of the European Union involved in solving the migration issue
- 2.1 FRONTEX
- 2.2 EASO
- 3 European Union cooperation with public and political institutions in addressing the migration issue
- 3.1 EU agreement with Turkey
- 3.2 European Union and UNHCR
- 3.3 EU and Doctors Without Borders
- 3.4 Problems of EU-NATO cooperation
- 4 The main problems caused by the inconsistency of actions of member countries of the European Union
- 5 Anti-migration movements
- 5.1 PEGIDA movement
- 5.2 Move βClose Bordersβ
- 6 Refugee migration statistics and asylum features
- 6.1 Migration pressure
- 6.2 Total number of accepted and refused asylum applications
- 7 Opinion of political and economic figures on EU actions to resolve the migration crisis
- 7.1 Pierre Wimon - Senior Fellow at the Carnegie European Center (Brussels)
- 7.2 Morten Liesborg - expert on migration issues (Denmark).
- 7.3 The model of migration policy of the European Union according to George Soros
- 7.4 Russian experts on the failure of the EU migration policy
- 8 European Union Migration Policy Approval Rating
- 9 See also
- 10 notes
- 11 Links
The basic principles and directions of the migration policy of the European Union
The principle of solidarity
One of the main principles of migration policy is the principle of solidarity , which is expressed in respect for natural human rights , in the coordination of political and social forces in solving the migration issue. According to the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker , in order to achieve solidarity , a "collective responsibility" of Europe is necessary.
Providing active support to migrants , the EU is developing a series of operations. In particular, in November 2014, a joint project was launched by several EU countries ( Holland , Malta , Spain , Portugal , Iceland , Lithuania , France and Finland ), the main purpose of which was to ensure patrolling of maritime borders and rescue migrants in the Mediterranean Sea . Later, however, the Triton ranks were joined by other member countries of this political and economic association, and the number of mission participating states reached 21. [1] The implementation of this operation helped Italy to cope with the influx of refugees and helped save several hundred migrants who risked their lives every day, to get to the shores of Europe by any means.
However, the principle of solidarity is not always a priority among the countries of the European Union in solving the migration crisis. Even before the end of the Triton pan-European mission, London announced its withdrawal from it. Before Brussels approved this project, London made it clear that rescuing refugees would not solve the migration problem. "We will not support the planned search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean ," said British Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Baroness Joyce Enely. "We think they will have the opposite effect." and will encourage even more migrants to take a dangerous sea voyage " [2] .
Also, one of the main tasks of the EU , which is still on the agenda, is the fight against traffickers. The main tactics of traffickers is to acquire old ships for the movement of illegal immigrants. And after entering the open sea, the crew throws the ship to its fate, so as not to be detained in the future. And to this day, traffickers manage to evade responsibility for the ongoing "flights to Europe " " [3] .
Eurozone Refugee Resettlement
On September 22, 2015, member states of the European Union decided to grant national quotas to refugees in Europe . This principle was developed with the aim of reducing migration pressure in countries such as Italy and Greece . The resettlement of refugees in the eurozone took into account such economic and demographic indicators as GDP , population , unemployment rate and the number of already considered asylum applications in countries that are members of the European Union .
The European Union has a broad regulatory framework through which it distributes refugees in Europe . Dublin-3 regulations are currently being implemented, revised and amended by member countries of the European Union in 2016. According to the Regulation, migrants are not able to choose the state from which they decided to apply for asylum. The regulation allows you to apply for refugee status only from the country in which migrants enter first. At the same time, if there is a desire to change the country, migrants will have to return to their original point of arrival.
The Dublin Regulation applies to the following countries: United Kingdom , Poland , Iceland , Czech Republic , Austria , Portugal , Ireland , Denmark , Belgium , Romania , Italy , Estonia , Bulgaria , Slovakia , Latvia , Finland , Cyprus , Slovenia , Lithuania , France , Spain , Luxembourg , Germany , Sweden , Malta , Greece , Switzerland , Norway , Hungary , Netherlands .
In addition to the Dublin Agreement, the EU complies with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees , which is the main legislative act establishing the status and rights of refugees . According to the key provisions of the legal act, the main apparatus in the regulation of situations with refugees is the government. They are obliged to preserve the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons and refugees, but at the same time monitor the creation of such a legal provision that is used by all foreigners who arrived in a foreign country on a common basis.
Social Adaptation of Migrants in Europe
Most migrants arriving in Europe belong to different ethnic communities, which have their own culture, their historical past. The European Union provides financial support to member countries that develop and conduct a series of activities aimed at adapting Islam to modern, democratic values. First of all, benefits are provided to refugees. According to European law, an asylum seeker has the right to legally live, study, work in Europe , receive benefits (up to 550 euros per month per person, depending on the country).
Netherlands. The authorities of the Netherlands urge migrants to participate in social events that contribute to the study of written and unwritten rules, norms of behavior in society. The local system provides social assistance in the form of free Dutch language courses, but with one condition: if refugees do not make efforts, engage in and try to adapt to modern society, the state can impose sanctions on them. βEach refugee receives from the government a loan of 10 thousand euros to pay for language courses. After three years of study, if a person successfully passes the exam, they write off the loan. If the exam is not passed, then you will have to return the money to the state, βsays L. Troost, coordinator of the Dutch language refugee coursesβ [4] .
Germany. Germany is one of the leaders in the number of migrants who have received migrants over the past 2015-2016. That is why this state is actively developing projects designed to ensure the integration of refugees into a democratic society. This country pays great attention to language training, migrants often offer intensive courses. On average, 600-900 hours of language are given to refugees , and this is much more than in other EU countries .
United Kingdom. London carries out both vocational guidance and psychological work with refugees . The purpose of vocational guidance work with refugees by the authorities is the opportunity for refugees to get advice on choosing a profession, help social services in finding vacancies and finding employment. The psychological work of social services is characterized by the provision of psychological therapeutic assistance, the elimination of post-stress conditions experienced after the resettlement of the refugee .
Key EU services (agencies) involved in resolving the migration issue
FRONTEX
FRONTEX is the European Union Border Security Agency.
The tasks of this agency include:
- monitoring of external border management;
- tracking migration flows;
- combating organized cross-border crime and terrorism at external borders by supporting member states (cooperation with Europol and Eurojust).
The Triton mission and Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention, aimed at βsupporting Greece in connection with the unprecedented number of migrants arriving in the islandsβ, were accomplished thanks to the organizational activities of FRONTEX .
In December 2016, the agency trained Libyan law enforcement officers at sea. The purpose of the training is the preparation and planning of law enforcement activities and the fight against smuggling and human trafficking.
In April 2017, FRONTEX saved over 1,400 migrants during a search and rescue operation in the Mediterranean [5] .
EASO
EASO is the European Asylum Support Service. The main tasks of this service include:
- Organization of asylum support and assistance to refugees;
- Promoting and stimulating joint action and ensuring coherence in the field of asylum;
- Monitoring compliance with Member State responsibility and their asylum decisions;
- Organization of a pan-European analysis and evaluation of asylum data.
According to the EASO annual report, in 2016 almost 1.3 million applications for international protection were submitted, which is 7% less than in 2015 (almost 1.4 million applications) [6] . The largest number of asylum seekers were citizens of Syria, Afghanistan , Iraq , Pakistan and Nigeria . The main host countries were Germany , Italy , France , Greece and Austria .
EU cooperation with public and political institutions in addressing the migration issue
EU Agreement with Turkey
In 2016, the European Union and Turkey signed an agreement on measures to resolve the migration crisis. According to the analytical publication EurActiv, the supporter of the transaction was German Chancellor Angela Merkel , who called her βthe first real chanceβ to stop the migration wave [7] . Among the supporters of the refinement were the head of the European Council Donald Tusk and the head of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker. The objectives of this cooperation are to βdestroy the smugglers' business modelβ and to propose βan alternative route with the least riskβ for the transfer of migrants.
This agreement includes such obligations [8] :
1) All illegal migrants , starting from March 20, 2016, will be expelled from Greece back to Turkey . This will occur in full compliance with the EU and international law . This will be a temporary and emergency measure, which is necessary to put an end to people's suffering and restore public order. The cost of the operation to return illegal migrants will be covered by the EU budget.
2) Turkey will take all necessary measures to prevent new sea and land illegal migration routes from Turkey to the EU and will cooperate with neighboring states, as well as with the EU in this regard.
3) The implementation of the plan to ease the visa regime for Turkish citizens will enter into force no later than the end of June 2016, provided that Turkey fulfills all the obligations prescribed by the EU .
4) The EU will try to quickly pay Turkey the previously promised 3 billion euros and organize additional financing for the same amount. The second tranche is due to be received by Ankara in 2018.
5) The EU and its member states will cooperate with Turkey in any joint efforts to improve the humanitarian situation in Syria .
6) In exchange for each Syrian migrant returned to Turkey from Greece , another Syrian refugee must be placed in one of the EU countries . The placement of migrants in the EU , according to the authors of the document, should be based on the UN principle of priority assistance to the most vulnerable segments of the population.
7) The EU and Turkey commit themselves to give a new impetus to the process of the country's entry into the community.
This agreement was criticized and raised a number of questions among human rights defenders, in particular Amnesty International (known as the global movement for the observance of human rights). This movement called the agreement between the EU and Turkey insanity, "a rainy day for humanity." βSo far, there has not been a single complaint about the way Turkey treats refugees . International observers have repeatedly noted that Turkey is perfectly coping with the situation: refugees have comfortable housing, schools, and hot cuisine. I personally signed a law granting refugees the right to work, β Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said in turn [9] . It was these words of the Turkish Prime Minister that caused public outrage, and were perceived by international human rights defenders as a mockery.
Turkey is currently the world leader in the number of refugees accepted (more than 3.5 million, 2017).
European Union and UNHCR
At the end of 2016, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Filippo Grandi, called on the European Union to review the regulations regarding the treatment of refugees . UNHCR submitted a proposal to the European Union regarding the establishment of a single European registration system for refugees and migrants . UNHCR also called for special attention to minors arriving from countries of Asia and Africa and to develop a unified approach to solving the problems of children who were unaccompanied by adults.
In 2015, with the assistance of UNHCR , an agreement was signed between the EU member states , according to which, by September 2017, it was planned to resettle 160 thousand refugees in Europe , including 106 thousand refugees who found temporary shelter in Greece and Italy [10] . However, by the end of September 2017, only about 30 thousand people were resettled. UNHCR called on the European Union to fulfill its promise, while respecting the rights of refugees .
EU and Doctors Without Borders
Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) is an international independent humanitarian medical organization providing emergency care to victims of armed conflicts. Since 2015, this agency has been conducting search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea , strictly complying with all international, maritime laws, its own code of conduct, and the MSF charter based on medical ethics and humanitarian principles.
- MSF has been operating in Serbia since the end of 2014, providing medical and psychological assistance, providing temporary housing, water and sanitation at points of entry and exit. Π ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΠ΅Π»Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°.
- Π 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Β«ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ SOS MediterranΓ©e ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 29 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 19 708 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ MSF .
- Π‘Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2016-Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2017 Π³Π³. MSF ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’Π
Π 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠΠ’Π Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ½Π³Π΅Π»Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ . ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠΠ Π€Π Π Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊ-ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Β« ΠΠΠ’Π Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Β» [11] .
Π ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ’Π Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π» Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ³Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ³Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ .
ΠΠΠ’Π Π² ΠΠ³Π΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΊΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ .
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡΠ·Π°
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π» ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ -ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° . ΠΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΠ‘ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° , Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° 94 %, ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡ β Π½Π° 92 % [12] . ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½Π³ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 7 ΡΡΡ. ΠΈ 1,3 ΡΡΡ. Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
Π 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ΅Π½Π³ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ 120 ΡΡΡ. Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ , Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ . Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½Π³ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ» ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ².
Π ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π§Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² . ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. Π ΠΠΠ Π§Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»Π°Π³Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ .
ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ PEGIDA
PEGIDA (Patriotische Europaer Gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Β») β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ -ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ‘ . Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ Β«ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Β«ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ» ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ½Π³Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ . ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ½Π³ΠΈ PEGIDA: Β«ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ) ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΒ», Β«ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β» [13] .
ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ PEGIDA Π² ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ½Π³Π°Ρ . Β«ΠΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡ. But this is not so. Π ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ , Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ . ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΒ», β Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ PEGIDA ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ»Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΒ»
Π 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π₯Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΒ» ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² . Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² . ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ½Π³ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Β«Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° β ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ β Π²ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ!Β»
ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ, Π² Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Ρ Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° 32,5 ΡΡΡ. Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½.
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 4,7 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· 28 Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ‘ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 2,8 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΠ‘.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (1 543,8 ΡΡΡ.) Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (631,5 ΡΡΡ.), Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ (363,9 ΡΡΡ.), ΠΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (342,1 ΡΡΡ.) ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ (280,1 ΡΡΡ.). Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 17 Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ‘ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ , ΠΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ , ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ , ΠΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ , Π₯ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ , ΠΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅ , ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ , ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ , Π ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ , ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² .
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠ‘ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 1,106,405. ΠΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ 672,900 Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ- 433,505.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ:
- ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 1951 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
- Π‘ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
- ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ β ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΈ (ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Ρ)
Π ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ Β«ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ : ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β» [14] ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Β«ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Β». ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°,- Β«Π±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Β».
Π. ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π² 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ 6000 ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 50:"Π ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ . ΠΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ‘ , Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ". ΠΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π.ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°: Β«Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΒ».
Π. ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Β«Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½-ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΒ».
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΠΈΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ³ β ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ).
Π. ΠΠΈΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ³ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ‘ - ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Β» [15] Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°-Β«Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π² Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ.
Π. ΠΠΈΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ³ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΡΒ» (2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄), ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΄Ρ , Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ: Β«ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² , Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΠ‘ , Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΒ».
Β« ΠΠ‘ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΒ».- ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π. ΠΠΈΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ³.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ° Π‘ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Β«Π‘Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ Β» Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ Π‘ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Π΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ± ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΌ.
Π. Π‘ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ‘ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Β» [16] :
1) ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ· ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ;
2) ΠΠ‘ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ Π°ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π° Π½Π΅ Β«ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π°Β» Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ);
3) ΠΠ‘ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ;
4) ΠΠ‘ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ;
5) Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ;
6) ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ· ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² (ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π·ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ );
7) ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ‘
Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠ°Π»Π΄Π°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π¨Π΅Π½Π³Π΅Π½ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ², ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²?Β» Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΠ‘ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Β» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² - Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΒ». ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΒ»-ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Β«ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΒ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π°. [17] .
Π Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ‘ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΠ‘ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° . ΠΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ²Π΅, Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² , Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 % β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Β«ΡΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΒ», ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ (94 %), Π¨Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ (88 %), ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ (77 %).
See also
- European Union
- ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
- ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ
- Immigration law
- ΠΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ
- ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ·
- ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π²
- Π€ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ
- ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
- ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Notes
- β ΠΠ‘ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ» Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π’ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Β»
- β ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Β«Π’ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½Β»
- β ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π²
- β ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ
- β Π€Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅
- β ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ EASO ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ· ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°
- β Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ
- β ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
- β ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
- β Π Π£ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ‘ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ
- β ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠΠ Π€Π Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’Π Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°
- β Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ
- β ΠΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π΅Π½: 18 ΡΡΡ. ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
- β Β«ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ: ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ»
- β Soros βseven points for the salvation of Europeβ
- β Valdai experts assessed the impact of the migration crisis in the EU on Russia
Links
- Application of the regulation of the Dublin Agreement on the Distribution of Refugees in France
- UNHCR website (Russian version).
- Eastern partnership. Migration and Asylum Panel.
- Official website of the organization Doctors Without Borders (Russian version).
- Information and reference portal of Cologne (Russian version).
- Frontex does not expect a reduction in the flow of migrants to the EU (video)
- The official website of the European Border and Coast Agency (FRONTEX).
- Eurabia: is it possible to integrate migrants into the European community?
- Official website of the European Asylum Support Office (EASO).
- EUROSTAT. Statistics Explained
- MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE
- European migration network