Clean Air [1] is a study conducted by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) in collaboration with the Assotiated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA). The results of this work showed that some common houseplants in combination with activated carbon as a substrate contribute to the natural purification of air from a number of toxic substances for humans, such as benzene , formaldehyde and trichlorethylene, helping to neutralize the urban dweller syndrome .
The first list of air purifying plants was compiled by NASA in 1989 [2] [3] [4] , which was aimed at purifying air in closed space station conditions. Plants from the first list, in addition to the absorption of carbon dioxide and oxygen evolution (a common property of all plants associated with gas exchange during photosynthesis), also eliminated a significant amount of benzene , formaldehyde and trichlorethylene . The second and third lists were later compiled by B. S. Wolverton in the book [5] and article [6] . They provide information on plants that eliminate more specific chemicals from the air.
NASA researchers suggest that effective air purification can be accomplished using at least one plant per 100 square feet (approximately 9.29 square meters) of a home or office space. The initial study examined only plants grown hydroponically (that is, without soil), and later studies showed that microorganisms in the soil mixture in a pot are able to remove benzene from the air. Certain plant species also contribute to the removal of benzene. [7]
Content
- 1 Scheme of air filtration by plants
- 2 Leaves
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Links
Plant Air Filtration Scheme
| Plant, removes: | Benzene [2] | Total µg / h of benzene removed [2] | Formaldehyde [2] [5] [6] | Total µg / h of formaldehyde removed [2] [6] | Trichlorethylene [2] | Total µg / h of trichloroethylene removed [2] | Xylenes and Toluene [6] | Ammonia [6] | Safety for dogs and cats [8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date Robelina | No | Yes [5] | 1385 [6] | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [9] | ||
| Dipsis yellowish | No | Yes [5] | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [10] | |||
| Nephrolepis elevated ( Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis') | No | Yes [5] | 1863 [6] | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [11] | ||
| Nephrolepis obliterate ( Nephrolepis obliterata ) | No | Yes [5] | 1328 [6] | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [12] | ||
| Curly ivy ( Hedera helix ) | Yes | 579 | Yes [5] | 402 [2] −1120 [6] | Yes | 298 | Yes | No | Toxic [13] |
| Chlorophytum crested ( Chlorophytum comosum ) | No | Yes [2] | 560 [6] | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [14] | ||
| Golden Epipremnum , Pothos plant ( Epipremnum aureum ) | Yes | Yes [2] | No | Yes | No | Toxic [15] | |||
| Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa' | Yes | 1725 | Yes [5] | 674 [2] | Yes | 1128 | Yes | Yes | Toxic [16] |
| Anthurium Andre ( Anthurium andraeanum ) | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Toxic [17] | |||
| Moderate aglaonema ( aglaonema modestum ) | Yes [5] [18] | 604 | Yes [5] [18] | 183 [4] | No | No | No | Toxic [19] | |
| Hamedorea Zeifritsa ( Chamaedorea seifrizii ) | Yes | 1420 | Yes [2] [5] | 3196 [2] | Yes | 688 | Yes | No | Non toxic [20] |
| Sansevieria three-way , ( Sansevieria trifasciata ) | Yes [5] | 1196 [4] | Yes [2] | 1304 [2] | Yes [5] | 405 | Yes | No | Toxic [21] |
| Philodendron cordate ( Philodendron cordatum ) | No | Yes [2] | 353 [2] | No | No | No | Toxic [22] | ||
| Philodendron bipinnatus ( Philodendron bipinnatifidum ) | No | Yes [2] | 361 [2] | No | No | No | Toxic | ||
| Philodendron home ( Philodendron domesticum ) | No | Yes [2] | 416 [2] | No | No | No | Toxic | ||
| Bordered Dracaena ( Dracaena marginata ) | Yes | 1264 | Yes [2] | 853 [2] | Yes | 1137 | Yes | No | Toxic [23] |
| Dracaena fragrant ( Dracaena fragrans ) | Yes | Yes [2] | 938 [6] | Yes | 421 | No | No | Toxic [23] | |
| Ficus benjamina ( Ficus benjamina ) [24] | No | Yes [5] | 940 [6] | No | Yes | No | Toxic [25] | ||
| Gerbera Jameson ( Gerbera jamesonii ) | Yes | 4486 | Yes [5] | Yes | 1622 | No | No | Non toxic [26] | |
| Garden Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium ) | Yes | 3205 | Yes [2] [5] | 1450 [6] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Toxic [27] | |
| Ficus rubbery ( Ficus elastica ) | No | Yes [5] | No | No | No | Toxic [28] | |||
| Dendrobium ( Dendrobium spp.) | No | No | No | Yes | No | Non toxic | |||
| Dieffenbachia ( Dieffenbachia spp.) | No | No | No | Yes | No | Toxic [29] | |||
| Homalomen Wallis ( Homalomena wallisii ) | No | No | No | Yes | No | Toxic | |||
| Phalaenopsis ( Phalaenopsis spp.) | No | No | No | Yes | No | Non toxic [30] | |||
| Aloe vera | Yes [31] | Yes [1] | 65 [2] | No | No | No | Toxic [32] | ||
| Dracaena Janet Craig ( Dracaena deremensis "Janet Craig" ) | Yes [1] | 1082 | Yes [1] | 1361 [6] - 2037 [2] | Yes [1] | 764 | No | No | Toxic [33] |
| Dracaena Warneski ( Dracaena deremensis "Warneckei" ) | Yes [1] | 1630 | Yes [1] | 760 [6] | Yes [1] | 573 | No | No | Toxic [33] |
| Banana ( Musa Oriana ) | No | Yes [1] | 488 [2] | No | No | No | Non toxic [34] |
Leaves
Most of the plants on the list come from the tropics or subtropics . Because of their ability to grow efficiently with reduced insolation, the structure of their leaves allows them to photosynthesize indoors.
See also
- Phytoremediation
- Eichornia is excellent
- Green wall
- Dendrobium
- Dracaena reflexa
- Indoor Air Quality
Links
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BC Wolverton; WL Douglas & K Bounds (July 1989), A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement , NASA , NASA-TM-108061 , < https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19930072988 >
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pottorff, L. Plants “Clean” Air Inside Our Homes. Colorado State University & Denver County Extension Master Gardener. 2010.
- ↑ Wolverton, BC, et al. (1984). Foliage plants for removing indoor air pollutants from energy-efficient homes. Economic Botany 38 (2), 224-28.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Wolverton, BC, et al. A study of interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: an interim report. NASA September 1989.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Wolverton, BC (1996) How to Grow Fresh Air . New York: Penguin Books.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Wolverton, BC and JD Wolverton. (1993). Plants and soil microorganisms: removal of formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia from the indoor environment. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 38 (2), 11-15.
- ↑ Orwell, R .; Wood, R .; Tarran, J .; Torpy, F .; Burchett, M. Removal of Benzene by the Indoor Plant / Substrate Microcosm and Implications for Air Quality (Eng.) // Water, Air, & Soil Pollution : journal. - 2004. - Vol. 157 , no. 1-4 . - P. 193-207 . - DOI : 10.1023 / B: WATE.0000038896.55713.5b .
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ 1 2 Wolverton, BC, et al. Interior landscape plants for indoor air pollution abatement: final report. Archived on August 29, 2017 on NASA's Wayback Machine . September, 1989. pp 11-12.
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ 1 2 ASPCA
- ↑ American Society for Horticultural Science. Indoor plants can reduce formaldehyde levels. ScienceDaily. February 20, 2009. Quote: “... Complete plants removed approximately 80% of the formaldehyde within 4 hours. Control chambers pumped with the same amount of formaldehyde, but not containing any plant parts, decreased by 7.3% during the day and 6.9% overnight within 5 hours ... ”In reference to: Kim, JK, et al. (2008). Efficiency of volatile formaldehyde removal by indoor plants: contribution of aerial plant parts versus the root zone. Horticultural Science 133: 479-627.
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ Safe and Poisonous Garden Plants: Non toxic Plants (by scientific name) . University of California . Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. Date of treatment January 4, 2017.
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ 15 houseplants for improving indoor air quality . MNN - Mother Nature Network . Date of treatment January 4, 2016.
- ↑ ASPCA
- ↑ 1 2 ASPCA
- ↑ ASPCA
Links
- Best Houseplants for removing toxins from air and how they reduce pollutants An Article by My Garden Story
- How to grow fresh air - Ted 2009. Continued performance at Ted .
- Information about plants that remove specific pollutants
- The garden myth was born - plants do not purify the air; Robert Pavlis December 27, 2014