The Shamkhal uprising (1843) was a major uprising of the Kumyks of Tarkovsky Shamkhalism and the Mekhtulinsky Khanate , supported by the North Caucasian Imamat , against the Russian Empire, which occurred in 1843. It was at this time that the North Caucasus Imamat reached the peak of its power [1] .
| Shamkhal uprising | |||
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| Main conflict: Caucasian war | |||
| date | November 10 - December 15, 1843 | ||
| A place | Tarkov Shamkhalism and Mekhtulinsky Khanate | ||
| Total | Victory of the Russian Empire | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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Content
Background
The course of the fighting
Conducting "executions" (punitive expeditions) against the rebellious Kumyk villages, the atrocities of feudal lords - henchmen of tsarism, as well as the successes of Shamil in Avaria led to a general uprising in the Mekhtulinsky Khanate and Tarkov Shamkhalism. The ruler of Mekhtuli, Noh-Bike, wrote to the royal generals about the complete disobedience of the population to its orders and sympathies for the Murids. In a short time, the pro-Russian Shamkhal, the ruler of the Mekhtuli khanate and the khan were forced to flee.
November 10, 1843 Imam Shamil entered the lands of Shamkhalism, where an uprising immediately broke out. V.I. Gurko wrote [2] :
Shamkhal possessions are currently in full rebellion. Yesterday’s number of 1,000 Shamkhal residents, donning the canoes as a sign of Muridism, looted a merchant's transport, consisting of 200 wagons, near the Lower Fortification
The connection of the rebels with the murids threatened Russia with a complete break of communications with Transcaucasia. By mid-November, the uprising began to spread over the auls of Koysubula and the Darginsky Union. V.I. Gurko was forced to remove parts of the Sulak fortifications and create a mobile reserve in Kazi-Yurt for the protection of communications.
Neidgart, the commander of a separate Caucasian corps, wrote to the Minister of War and Count Chernyshov about the unrest in Akush, Shamkhalstvo, Mekhtul and Karakaytag. On November 11, the Terekhemyans also rebelled, having engaged in a shootout with the Russian garrison [1] . The Russian fortification of Bazovoy was besieged, its garrison was forced to leave the fortress 8 days after the siege.
The uprising responded to Sulak. The Zubutl aul passed to the Murids. The Russian troops were able to defeat the Murids under the aiul of Miatly, but this did not affect the spread of the uprising.
End of Rebellion
Imam Shamil decided to put in order the administration on the territory of Shamkhalism. However, instead of appointing naib, Shamil proclaimed deaf-mute brother of Mohammed-Bek, who fled to Shamkhal, as Shamkhal, repeating the mistake of Imam Ghazi Muhammad, who did not eliminate the feudal title. Under the conditions of the popular anti-feudal uprising, this move was very illogical and caused disappointment in some of the rebels [1] .
Tightened from the Caucasian line, Russian troops began their operations against the rebels. On December 14, Temir-Khan-Shura was unblocked, and on December 15, the Murids and rebels were defeated in a major clash at the Great Kazanites. Shamil was defeated also under Zyryan and was forced to go to the mountains. Rebellion was crushed
See also
- Tarkov shamkhalstvo
- Shamkhal uprising (1831)
- Shamkhal uprising (1823)
- Kumyk history
- Russian-Kumyk war
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Pokrovsky, 2000 .
- ↑ Acts collected by the Caucasian Archeographic Commission / Ed. A.P. Berger . - TF. Type Chapters. admin. the governor of the Caucasus, 1884. - T. 9. - 1013 p.
Literature
- Pokrovsky N.I. The Caucasian Wars and Imamat Shamil / Preface. N. N. Pokrovsky , intro. and approx. V. G. Gadzhiyev . - M .: ROSSPEN , 2000. - 511 p. - ISBN 5-8243-0078-X .