Huber, Maximilian Titus

Maximilian Titus Huber was born on January 4, 1872 in the city of Kroszenko nad Dunajec Novotarski County in the family of a tax clerk, a Pole of German origin.

He received his primary education at a school in the county town of Cracow Voivodeship Limanow . In 1881, he began his studies at the gymnasium in Krakow , continued his studies at the gymnasiums of Nowy Sacz and Kolomyia , and completed it from 1987 in 1889 in the 4th classical gymnasium in Lviv.

In 1889 he entered the Lviv Polytechnic School to study at the Department of Engineering, where from the first year he combines studies with scientific work. In 1890, in the journal Czasopismo Techniczne , he published his first scientific work, The Simple Design of a Hyperbole, in his second year he was preparing to publish a lithographic course of lectures by prof. K. Olearsky “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics ”.

In 1894, after completing his studies, M. T Huber began his teaching career as an assistant to the Department of Construction of Railways and Railways of the Lviv Polytechnic School, which was interrupted by summer military service. In 1896 he received a scholarship for a two-semester internship at the University of Berlin , where he deepens his knowledge of mathematics. After completing the internship, another summer engineering practice takes place as an assistant engineer in the Regional Bureau of Land Reclamation and in 1898 he returned to the post of assistant to the Department of Mathematics of the Lviv Polytechnic School. A year later he moved to Krakow, where he taught theoretical and structural mechanics at the Higher Industrial School.

In 1904, for his work “Contribution to the Theory of Compression of Elastic Bodies” ^[2] , published in Annalen der Fisik, he received a doctorate in technical sciences from the Lviv Polytechnic School. In the same year he publishes one of his most significant works ^[3] , in which he formulates a hypothesis according to which the specific potential energy of a change in the shape of a deformed body can be considered a criterion for the transition of a material to a limiting state . Based on this hypothesis, later, the work of Richard von Misez (1913) and Heinrich Genka (1924) formulated a criterion for the specific potential energy of forming (the fourth theory of strength ): the ultimate state - the fluidity of a material - occurs regardless of the type of stress state when the potential energy of forming of a deformable body reaches its limit value.

In 1906, M. T Guber again returned to the Lviv Polytechnic School, where he heads the Department of Technical Mechanics. In the years 1910-1912. combines scientific and teaching activities with the functions of dean of the engineering department. In June 1914, he was elected the rector of the Lviv Polytechnic School, but the outbreak of the First World War prevented him from assuming the duties of the rector.

As an artillery officer M. T Huber takes part in military operations, first under Rogatin , and then defends Przemysl . In March 1915, together with the defenders of the fortress, was captured. And even in captivity, he continued his scientific work - first in Kineshma , and later in Kazan . Having studied the Russian language, he gets acquainted with works, textbooks on the theory of elasticity, resistance of materials of the mechanic scientist Stepan Timoshenko . Supported by the mention in one of them of his work ^[2] M. Huber calls on S. Tymoshenko with a proposal to translate into Polish his textbook “The course of resistance of materials”. Having received the consent of the author, he carries out the first translation of this textbook ^[4] , which was later translated into many other languages ​​and was repeatedly reprinted for half a century. At the request of S. Tymoshenko, he received permission to use the library of Kazan University and to teach physics in the Polish gymnasium. During this period, corresponded with Tymoshenko, who sends him the latest scientific work on mechanics. In Kazan, he is developing the theory of orthotropic plates, which had already begun in Lvov ^[5] , and is preparing a monograph ^[6] on this subject. These results were later used by A. Nadai and S. Timoshenko in developing the theory of anisotropic plates.

In 1918 he returned from captivity to Lviv to his department, where he continued his scientific work. In 1921, he was again elected rector for the 1921-1922 academic year. After completing the cadet of the rector, M. Huber heads the mechanical laboratory, whose task was to study materials using chemical analysis, metallography , and mechanical tests.

In 1925, M. T Huber was elected chairman of the Lviv branch of the Polish Mathematical Society, whose members were famous scientists Stefan Banach , Hugo Steingauz , Juliusz Pavel Schauder (1899-1943). During 1926-1928 pp. he is the vice chairman of this society.

In September 1926, at the Second International Congress on Technical Mechanics in Zurich, Professor M. T Huber already personally met N. Timoshenko.

1928 heads the Department of Mechanics of the Warsaw University of Technology .

In 1927 he was elected a corresponding member , and since 1934 - a full member of the Polish Academy of Knowledge (Skills). He belonged to a small group of 12 professors - the founders of the Academy of Technical Sciences in Warsaw, in 1928-1930. was its chairman, and from 1934 until the outbreak of World War II he was the head of the technical department of the Academy in the field of physics. 1934-1939 he led the Warsaw Polytechnic Society. By order of the Department of Aeronautics of the Ministry of Military Affairs, from 1932 to 1939 he directed research on the problems of the strength of aircraft.

In 1937, he was elected a foreign member of the Academy of Labor. T. Masaryk in Prague.

During the years of German occupation, he lectured in secret technical courses. With the beginning of the Warsaw uprising in August 1944, he and his wife ended up in a transit camp in Pruszka , and later in Zakopane .

After the end of World War II in 1945 he moved to Gdansk , where he became a co-organizer of the Gdansk Polytechnic , in which he headed two departments - resistance of materials and higher problems of mechanics, as well as the Institute of Strength. In 1949 he moved to Krakow, where he created the Department of Higher Problems of Mechanics at the Mining and Metallurgical Academy .

The scientific achievements of Professor M. T Huber are universally recognized in world mechanics. He obtained fundamental results in the theory of elasticity , the theory of plasticity , introduced advanced concepts of metal strength into mechanics, formulated an energy criterion for the transition of a material to a limiting state, and founded and developed the theory of orthotropic plates.

In his works, he touched on almost all branches of mechanics of a deformable solid, many engineering aspects of mechanics in the field of construction of railways (he studied the danger of deformation of railways due to temperature changes), bridges, the construction of cars, aircraft, military equipment (he developed a theoretical method for determining the deformation of a gun’s mouth during the shot). He has more than 220 scientific publications in journals, 11 monographs, textbooks, translations of professional books, individual sections in collective monographs and textbooks. Among his textbooks, the following were very popular: Mechanika ogólna (1946-48, 1958), Stereomechanika techniczna. (Wytrzymałość materiałów) (1947-48, 1958), Teoria sprężystości (2 tomy, 1948-50).

Professor M. T Huber since 1895 was a member of the Polytechnic Society in Lviv . ^[7] He participated in many international scientific congresses: on technical and applied mechanics in Delft (1924), Zurich (1926), Stockholm (1930), London (1948); on bridge building and industrial construction in Vienna (1928), Paris (1932), Berlin (1936), and materials research in Zurich (1931).

He was nominated by doctor honoris causa of the Mining and Metallurgical Academy in Krakow (1945), Warsaw Polytechnic (1948), and Gdansk Polytechnic (1950).

Maximilian Huber died on December 9, 1950 in Krakow . He was buried at the Rakovetsky cemetery .

1954, 1956-1957 in Poland, a 4-volume collection of the works of M. T Guber was published, and the 5th volume is devoted to the biography of the professor and a bibliography of his works. In honor of the outstanding scientist since 1955, the Polish Academy of Sciences annually awards a prize in his name for achievements in the field of theory of elasticity and plasticity.

Two tankers built in Poland were named after him: Professor Huber (1960) and M. T Huber ”(1962), the godfather of which was his daughter, professor of art history Maria Zhepinskaya.

• Huber MT Zur Theorie der Berührung fester elastischer Körper // Annalen der Fisik. - 1904. - 4, No. 1. - S. 153-163.
• Huber MT Właściwa praca odkształcenia iako miara wytężenia materialu // Czasopismo Techniczne . - Lwów, 1904. - 22, No. 3. - S. 33-40; No. 4. - S. 49-50; No. 5. - S. 61-62; No. 6. - S. 80-81.
• Huber M. T. In podstawach teorii wytrzymałości // Prace matematyczno-fizyczne. - Warszawa, 1904. - T. 15. - S. 47-59.
• Huber M. T. In natężeniach wywołanych nierównym ogrzaniem wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej ściany rury // Czasopismo Techniczne. - Lwów, 1906. - 24, No. 2. - S. 30-35.
• Huber MT Ogólna teoria płyt żelazo-betonowych i jej praktyczne zastosowanie do płyty prostokątnei podpartej wzdłuż całego obwodu // Ibid. - 1914. - 32, 11. - S. 129-132; No. 12. - S. 141-144; No. 13. - S. 153-155.
• Huber M. T., Fuchs S. Spannungsverteilung bei der Berührung zweier elasticher Zylinder // Ibid. - 1914. - 15, No. 6. - S. 298-303.
• Huber MT Prosty sposób obliczania płyt prostokątnych swobodnie podpartych wzdłuż całego obwodu // Ibid. - 1919. - 37, No. 7. - S. 53-55.
• Huber MT Teoria płyt prostokątnie-róznokierunkowych wraz z technicznymi zastosowaniami do płyt betonowych, krat belkowych itp. - Lwów: Militaria Towarzystwa Naukowego, 1921 .-- 249s.
• Huber MT Nowoczesne wzory wytrzymałości złożonej // Sprawozdanie Kwartalne Nr 4 Instytutu Badań Technicznych Lotnictwa. - Warszawa, 1930.
• Huber MT Kryteria wytrzymałościowe w stereomechanice technicznej. - Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy SIMP, 1948 .-- 18 s.
• Huber MT Letters. - Warszawa: Państwowe wydawnictwo naukowe. - T. 1, 1964 .-- 176 s .; T. 2, 1956. - 563 s .; T. 3, 1957. - 504 s .; T. 4, 1954. - 375 s .; T. 5, 1954. - 357 s.

• Sulim G. T Maximilian Titus Huber (on the occasion of his 120th birthday). http://lp.edu.ua/index.php?id=2595
• Zbigniew W. Engel, Zbigniew S. Olesiak. Maksymilian Tytus Huber. Biografia i reprinty dzieł naukowych. —Help: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Technologii Eksploatacji, 2007 .-- 250 s.
• Inzynierowie polscy w XIX i XX wieku. Tom VII. 100 najwybitniejszych polskich twórców techniki. Pod red. J. Piłatowicza. Warszawa Wydawnictwo Retro-Art, 2001 .-- 284 s. http://pt.scribd.com/doc/86144193/26/HUBER-MAKSYMILIAN-TYTUS#outer_page_281
• Polski Słownik Biograficzny . - Wrocław; Warszawa; Kraków: PAN, 1962. - T. X / l, No. 44. - S. 74-76.