Nobel Prize in Literature ( Swedish Nobelpriset i litteratur , English Nobel Prize in Literature ) is a prestigious award annually presented by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in the field of literature since 1901. One of the five Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel in his will [1] [2] .
The Swedish Academy is responsible for the selection of Nobel Prize winners in literature , which consists of 18 places occupied for life by famous Swedish writers, scholars, and public figures. It includes the Nobel Committee on Literature. It is a working group comprising from four to five people, which evaluates the nominations and presents its recommendations to the Academy.
Content
- 1 Nomination and selection procedure
- 1.1 Nomination
- 1.2 Selection
- 2 Disclosure
- 3 List of nominees in alphabetical order
- 3.1 H
- 3.2 and
- 3.3 th
- 3.4 K
- 3.5 L
- 3.6 m
- 3.7 N
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Nomination and selection procedure
Nomination
Every year in September, the Nobel Committee on Literature sends letters of invitation and nomination forms to 600-700 individuals and organizations who have the right to nominate nominees for the award. According to the charter of the Nobel Foundation , the following persons can propose candidates for awarding [3] :
- members of the Swedish Academy , as well as other academies, institutes and societies with similar goals and structure;
- professors of literature and linguistics at various universities and university colleges ;
- Nobel laureates in literature ;
- Chairmen of copyright societies (unions of writers) representing literary work in their countries.
Those who did not receive an invitation, but meet the requirements for nominees, can also submit their proposals for candidates. Nominating ourselves is strictly prohibited.
Completed forms must be received by the Nobel Committee no later than January 31 of the following year. Members of the committee check the nominations and submit the list for approval by the Swedish Academy [3] .
Selection
Evaluation of applications and selection of candidates by the Nobel Committee on Literature. From among them, the Swedish Academy selects the winners [3] .
In April, after a thorough study of the nominations, the committee selects 15-20 names for consideration by the Academy as preliminary candidates. In May, the committee shortens this list to five priority nominees. In summer, members of the Academy read and evaluate the works of the finalists, and in September discuss the value of their contribution to literature. At the same time, the Nobel Committee is preparing reports for each of the candidates.
In early October, the Swedish Academy chooses the Nobel Prize winner in literature . The winner must receive more than half the votes of academics. After this, the name of the Nobel laureate is announced.
The Nobel Prize ceremony is held on December 10 in Stockholm . Laureates receive their awards, including the Nobel medal, diploma and cash reward.
Disclosure Ban
When presenting the award, only the names of the winners are known. Names of nominees are not publicly announced, and applicants are not informed of the fact of nomination. This information is classified. The charter of the Nobel Foundation prohibits publicly or privately disclosing any information about nominations and opinions expressed by members of the Nobel Committee for 50 years [3] .
To date, information on nominees from 1901 to 1966 is available on the official website of the award [4] . Information is also provided from the archives of the Swedish Academy for 1962-1966, which includes short lists of candidates and excerpts from the reports of the Nobel Committee [3] .
Alphabetical List of Nominees
| BUT | B | AT | G | D | F | 3 | AND | Th | TO | L | M | N | ABOUT | P | R | FROM | T | At | F | X | Ts | H | W | E |
3
| Portrait | Nominee, Country [5] | Occupation, main works | Number of nominations | The source of information | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel Zangville (1864-1926) United Kingdom | Writer, public figure, author of a series of books on the life of Jewish communities: the novel "Children of the Ghetto" (1892), collections of "Ghetto Tragedies" (1893), "Ghetto Dreamers" (1898), "Ghetto Comedies" (1907) | List (1)
| [6] | ||||||||||||
| Emil Zola (1840-1902) France | The writer, author of the 20-volume series of novels, “ Rugon-McCara ” (1871-1893) | List (2)
| [7] | ||||||||||||
And
| Portrait | Nominee, Country [5] | Occupation, main works | Number of nominations | The source of information | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henryk Ibsen (1828-1906) Norway | Playwright, poet, author of the plays " Peer Gynt " (1867), " Doll House " (1879) | List (3)
| [9] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| William Ralph India (1860-1954) United Kingdom | The theologian, rector of St. Paul’s Cathedral , author of works on ethics, philosophy and the history of religion, the book “Frank Essays” (1919-1922) | List (3)
| [10] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Alois Yrasek (1851-1930) Czech | Writer, playwright, author of the historical novels “Psogolavtsy” (1884), “Against All” (1893), pentalogy “F. L. Century "(1888-1906), tetralogy" With Us "(1896-1903) | List (6)
| [eleven] |
Th
| Portrait | Nominee, Country [5] | Occupation, main works | Number of nominations | The source of information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| William Butler Yates (1865-1939) Ireland 1923 | Poet, playwright, author of lyric poems, plays "Kathleen, the daughter of Holian" (1902), "At the Hawk Spring" (1916), "Emer's Only Jealousy" (1919) | List (7)
| [fourteen] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
To
| Portrait | Nominee, Country [5] | Occupation, main works | Number of nominations | The source of information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julio Calcagno (1840-1918) Venezuela | Writer, poet, literary critic, author of the novels “Blanca de Torrestell” (1862), “Dance of the Dead” (1873) | List (1)
| [fifteen] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Juan da Camara (1852-1908) Portugal | The playwright, author of the plays "King Alphonse VI" (1890), "Old Men" (1893), "Quagmire" (1894) | List (1)
| [16] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Josue Carducci (1835-1907) Italy 1906 | Poet, philologist, author of lyric poems, anthem "To Satan" (1863) | List (9)
| [17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eric Axel Karlfeldt (1864-1931) Sweden 1931 | Poet, member of the Swedish Academy (1904), author of lyric poems | List (10)
| [19] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ferenc Kemen (1860-1944) Hungary | Teacher, leader of the Olympic movement, author of work on the modernization of the education system | List (2)
| [twenty] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hans Kink (1865-1926) Norway | Writer, playwright, philologist, author of short novels, novels “Fru Annie Porset” (1900), “Dr. Gabriel Yar” (1902), trilogy “Avalanche” (1918-19), drama “The Photographer” (1908) | List (7)
| [21] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) United Kingdom 1907 | Writer, poet, author of lyric poems, collections of short stories “ The Jungle Book ” (1894) and “ The Second Jungle Book ” (1895), the novel “ Kim ” (1901) | List (4)
| [23] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Willem Clos (1859-1938) Netherlands | Poet, author of lyric poems, dramatic fragments | List (5)
| [26] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacob Knudsen (1858-1917) Denmark | The writer, author of the novels “The Old Priest” (1899), “Teacher Urup” (1909), the dilogies about the life of Martin Luther “Fear” (1912) and “Courage” (1914) | List (2)
| [27] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anatoly Koni (1844-1927) Russia | Юрист, общественный деятель, автор биографических очерков и воспоминаний | Список (1)
| [28] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Франсуа Коппе (1842—1908) France | Поэт, драматург, член Французской академии (1884), автор лирических стихотворений и поэм, пьес «Госпожа де Ментенон» (1881), «Якобинцы» (1885), «За корону» (1895) | Список (1)
| [29] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Александру Ксенопол (1847—1920) Румыния | Историк, автор 14-томного труда «История румын Траянской Дакии» (3-е изд., 1925-30) и книги «Фундаментальные принципы истории» (1899) | Список (2)
| [thirty] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Л
| Portrait | Номинант, страна [5] | Род деятельности, основные произведения | Количество номинаций | Источник информации | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Эрнест Лависс (1842—1922) France | Историк, член Французской академии (1892), автор работ по истории Пруссии и Франции, редактор 12-томного труда «Всеобщая история с IV столетия до нашего времени» (1893—1901, совместно с А. Рамбо ) | Список (5)
| [31] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Сельма Лагерлёф (1858—1940) Sweden 1909 | Писательница, член Шведской академии (1914), автор романов « Сага о Йёсте Берлинге » (1891), «Иерусалим» (1901-02), « Удивительное путешествие Нильса Хольгерссона с дикими гусями по Швеции » (1906-07) | Список (28)
| [35] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Джон Леббок (1834—1913) United Kingdom | Антрополог, археолог, биолог, автор исследований по истории первобытного общества | Список (1)
| [36] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Эмили Леру (1855—1935) France | Актриса, писательница, автор романа «Иисус» (1903), книги воспоминаний «Под маской: Жизнь в театре» (1908) | Список (1)
| [37] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Вентура Лопес (1866—1944) Spain | Писатель, поэт, драматург, литературовед, автор романа «Пират» (1893), эпической поэмы «Сломленный» (1901) | Список (1)
| [38] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Пьер Лоти (1850—1923) France | Писатель, член Французской академии (1891), автор романов «Азиаде» (1879), «Госпожа Хризантема» (1888) | Список (8)
| [39] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Осип Лурье (1868—1955) France | Литературовед, философ, автор работ о творчестве Льва Толстого и Генрика Ибсена | Список (1)
| [40] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Эндрю Лэнг (1844—1912) United Kingdom | Писатель, фольклорист, историк религии, автор работ «Обычаи и мифы» (1884), «Миф, ритуал и религия» (1887), составитель «цветных» сборников сказок народов мира («Голубая книга сказок», «Красная книга сказок» и др.) | Список (1)
| [41] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M
| Portrait | Номинант, страна [5] | Род деятельности, основные произведения | Количество номинаций | Источник информации | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Иэн Макларен (1850—1907) United Kingdom | Шотландский писатель, священник, автор цикла рассказов «Доктор старой выучки» (1894), романа «Кейт Карнеги» (1896) | Список (1)
| [42] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Андрес Манхон (1846—1923) Spain | Священник, юрист, педагог, автор работ по каноническому праву , педагогических сочинений | Список (1)
| [43] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Йозеф Сватоплук Махар (1864—1942) Czech | Поэт, автор лирических стихотворений, романа в стихах «Магдалина» (1894), цикла поэтических сборников «Совесть веков» (1906-26) | Список (2)
| [44] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Мальвида фон Мейзенбуг (1816—1903) Germany | Писательница, мемуаристка, автор книги «Воспоминания идеалистки» (1869-76) | Список (1)
| [46] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Дора Мелегари (1849—1924) Italy | Писательница, автор романа «Сон души» (1900) | Список (2)
| [47] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Альбер де Мен (1841—1914) France | Политический деятель, член Французской академии (1897), автор 7-томного собрания выступлений, речей и других сочинений (1888—1904) | Список (1)
| [48] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Марселино Менендес-и-Пелайо (1856—1912) Spain | Литературовед, историк культуры, член Испанской королевской академии (1881), автор работ «История эстетических идей в Испании» (1883-91), «Происхождение романа» (1905-15) | Список (5)
| [49] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Джордж Мередит (1828—1909) United Kingdom | Писатель, автор романов «Испытание Ричарда Феверела» (1859), «Эгоист» (1879) | Список (7)
| [50] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Дмитрий Мережковский (1865—1941) Russia | Писатель, поэт, религиозный философ, автор историко-философской трилогии « Христос и Антихрист », включающей романы « Смерть богов. Юлиан Отступник » (1895), « Воскресшие боги. Леонардо да Винчи » (1900) и « Антихрист. Пётр и Алексей » (1905) | Список (10)
| [55] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Морис Метерлинк (1862—1949) Бельгия 1911 | Писатель, драматург, поэт, автор пьес « Слепые » (1890), «Пелеас и Мелисанда» (1892), « Синяя птица » (1908) | Список (8)
| [60] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Фредерик Мистраль (1830—1914) France 1904 | Провансальский поэт, автор поэмы « Мирей » (1859) | Список (14)
| [62] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theodore Mommsen (1817-1903) Germany 1902 | Historian, specialist in the history of ancient Rome and Roman law, author of the 4-volume work “ History of Rome ” (1854-85) | List (1)
| [63] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John Morley (Morley) (1838-1923) United Kingdom | Politician, historian, author of the biographies of Voltaire (1871), Russo (1873), Didro (1878), Cromwell (1900), Gladstone (1903) | List (11)
| [64] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lewis Morris (1833-1907) United Kingdom | Poet, author of lyric poems and poems | List (16)
| [65] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H
| Portrait | Nominee, Country [5] | Occupation, main works | Number of nominations | The source of information | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| William Neidig (1870-1955) USA | Writer, poet, author of lyric poems, novel “Fingers of Fire” (1919) | List (1)
| [66] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gaspard Nunez de Arce (1834-1903) Spain | Poet and playwright, member of the Royal Spanish Academy (1874), author of lyric poems and poems | List (5)
| [67] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature
- List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (O - F)
- List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (X - Z)
Notes
- ↑ Testament of Alfred Nobel . Nobeliat.ru. Date of treatment July 6, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
- ↑ Alfred Nobels testamente (Swedish) . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize. Date of treatment July 6, 2012. Archived on August 4, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Nomination and Selection of Literature Laureates . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize. Date of treatment June 8, 2012. Archived June 9, 2013.
- ↑ Nomination Archive . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 According to the official website of the award . May not coincide with place of birth or citizenship.
- ↑ Israel Zangwill . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Émile Zola . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ In a letter dated February 1, 1903, Royal University professor Frederick Kristen Collin suggested sharing the prize between Björnsterne Bjørnson and Henryk Ibsen or between Björnsson and Leo Tolstoy , or to award it only to Bjørnson
- ↑ Henrik Ibsen . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ William Inge . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Alois Jirásek . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Since very few nominations were received for the 1915 prize, the Nobel Committee at its meeting on February 1, 1915 decided to include a number of nominees from last year, while members of the Nobel Committee acted as nominators
- ↑ The Nobel Committee decided to add the name of William Butler Yeats to the list of nominees for the 1922 Prize
- ↑ William B. Yeats . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Julio Calcaño . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ João Da Comara . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Giosuè Carducci (English) . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Nathan Söderblum nominated three different candidates, and also proposed, if necessary, to share the award between Eric Axel Karlfeldt and Per Halström
- ↑ Erik Axel Karlfeldt (English) . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Franz Kemény . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Hans Kinck . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ The letter with the nomination was lost and delivered a few minutes before the start of the meeting of the Nobel Committee. Nevertheless, it was decided to include it in the list of nominations for 1904
- ↑ Rudyard Kipling . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Willem Clos was nominated by a large number of Dutch writers and professors. At least one of them met the requirements of the charter of the Nobel Foundation in order to submit a nomination
- ↑ Earlier, Albert Vervey presented this nomination in 1914-15 and 1924-26.
- ↑ Willem Kloos . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Jakob Knudsen . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Anatoly Koni (English) . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ François Coppée . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Ernest Lavisse . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ The nomination was prepared jointly with 9 members of the Royal Society of Sciences and Literature
- ↑ The nomination was prepared jointly with 3 members of the Finnish Scientific Society
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Werner von Heidenstam
- ↑ Selma Lagerlöf (English) . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ John Lubbock, Lord Avebury . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Émilie Lerou . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Ventura López . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Pierre Loti . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Ossip Lourié (English) . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Andrew Lang . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Ian Maclaren . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Andrés Manjón . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Josef Machar . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Gabriel Mono's nomination was prepared with the assistance of Björnstjerne Björnsson
- ↑ Malwida von Meysenbug . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Dora Melegari . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Albert de Mun . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ George Meredith . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Ivan Bunin . Sigurd Agrell proposed to award the prize only to Dmitry Merezhkovsky or to divide it between Merezhkovsky and Bunin
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Ivan Bunin
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Ivan Bunin . Sigurd Agrell proposed to divide the prize between the candidates, or to award it to one of them
- ↑ Nominated together with Ivan Bunin and Maxim Gorky . Sigurd Agrell proposed to award the prize only to Bunin, or to divide it between Bunin and Dmitry Merezhkovsky or Bunin and Gorky
- ↑ Dmitry Merezhkovsky . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Leo Tolstoy and Georg Brandes
- ↑ The nomination was prepared jointly with 14 professors of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Ghent
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Emil Verkharn
- ↑ Nominated jointly with Ivan Zhilken and Emil Verkharn
- ↑ Maurice Maeterlinck . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Nominated with Gaston Paris
- ↑ Frédéric Mistral . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Theodor Mommsen . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ John Morley . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Lewis Morris . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ William Neidig . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Gaspar Núñez de Arce . Nomination Database . The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize.
Links
- The Official Web Site of Nobel Prize . Date of treatment October 9, 2015.
- Nomination Archive . The Official Web Site of Nobel Prize. Date of treatment October 9, 2015.