The European Eudochka [1] , an obsolete dog fish [2] ( Latin Umbra krameri ) is a species of ray-finned fish of the umber family, common in Europe .
| European evdoshka |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
| Nadotryad : | Protacantopterigia |
| Family: | Umbrovye ( Umbridae Bonaparte , 1845 ) |
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| International Scientific Name |
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Umbra krameri Walbaum , 1792 |
| Security status |
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Vulnerable speciesIUCN 3.1 Vulnerable : 22730 |
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Content
The back is brownish and red-brown; below, the coloring of the sides is light brown or orange with numerous dark specks and a clearly visible yellow or copper-colored lateral stripe. The dorsal and caudal fins are also brown with dark spots. Her mouth is much smaller than pike and is armed with very thin and sharp teeth. The eyes are large, the nasal openings are double and very small. The dorsal fin is wide, very high, and all its rays have the same length; tail rounded off. [3]
During spawning a mating dress appears, the male's anal fin is colored bluish-green.
The European Eudochka has an average body length of up to 10 cm, the largest specimens reach a length of 12-17 cm.
Prut , lower Dniester , standing bodies of water of the Danube system in Hungary , the countries of the former Yugoslavia , Austria .
In Austria, considered extinct since 1975 . It was again discovered by biologists Thomas Spindler and Josef Vanzenbek in 1992 in the Danube meadows in Lower Austria in a nameless stream between the settlements of Orth on the Danube and Eckartsau . Now it can be successfully settled in the framework of various resettlement programs for more extensive spaces in the original areas of distribution of this species.
It lives in marshy reservoirs, tolerates oxygen deficiency, using a swim bladder for breathing. It prefers calm, even stagnant waters with dense vegetation, for example, small irrigation canals . Spawning takes place in spring, on the floods of rivers, among the vegetation. Caviar Eudishka lays on the ground, in the nest, which protects the female. Fecundity from 150 to 1500 eggs.
The young fish feeds on small crustaceans, plankton and invertebrate larvae; and adults - benthic animals, air insects and crucian larvae.
Life expectancy is 2-3 years.
This fish can be bred artificially, it is used for keeping in aquariums.
European evdoshka listed in the International Red Book .
This species is threatened with a reduction in the habitat area until its extinction; competition from artificially established fish species and pollution of the rivers in which it lives.
According to the observations of Haeckel, who kept these fish {\ displaystyle 1 {\ frac {1} {2}}} years in a glass vessel, they lay more at the bottom, only occasionally with a strong movement of the tail it seemed to jump up to the surface, swallow the air and lay down again, releasing most of the air through the gill covers and slowly chewing the rest. These fish, apparently, always live in small families, in 5-6 individuals in one burrow. In the aquarium, they are soon tamed, eat from their hands (finely chopped beef) and live for a long time, but only among a few of them. They even feed each other so much affection that if one of the fish that got along dies, then all the others soon follow. However, they cannot spawn in captivity, and females, not being able to sweep large, like barley grains, eggs, for the most part die. Recently, however, afterwards, a great demand from aquarium lovers for this original fish, in Berlin (from the Sasse brothers), is artificially bred in large pools. [3]
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu. S. , Kotlyar A. N. , Russ T. S. , Shatunovsky M. I. Pyatiazychny dictionary of animal names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V.E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. lang., 1989. - p. 76. - 12 500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ Canine fish // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 L.P.Sabaneev. Fish of Russia. - Volume 1. - Physical Education and Sport, 1993. - p. 382-383. - 399 s.
- Lebedev V. D, Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Pisces of the USSR. Ed. Nikolsky G.V. and Grigorash V.A. From the series “ Reference guides of the geographer and traveler ”. M .: Thought, 1969
