Jamie

Jami was born in the town of Jam in the family of an influential cleric ^[2] . He was educated in Herat and Samarkand . Later he abandoned his court career and joined the Sufi order “ Naqshbandi ”. In 1456 he became the head of the Herat Order. A characteristic feature of Jami’s work is multi-genre. He used all the traditional poetic forms - messnevi , kasyda , gazelle , rubyi , kyt'a . Jami is the author of treatises on rhyme and metric, on music, on compiling charades of Mu'amma (an art widely spread in the 15th century ). Mentor and friend of Alisher Navoi , as evidenced by his poems:

او که یک ترک بود و من تاجیک ، هردو داشتیم خویشی نزدیک. ' U ki yak turk bud wa man toҷik Ҳardou doshtim hashi nazdik '' Although he was a Turk, I’m Tajik We were close to each other. [3] [4]

In 1468, Sultan-Hussein Baykara came to power, who patronized Jami. The sultan's vizier was the famous poet and philanthropist Alisher Navoi ^[2] . The heyday of Jami’s creative work dating back to 1474 is revealed by the religious and philosophical kasids “Sea of ​​Secrets” ( 1475 ) and “The Shine of the Spirit”, in which Jami condemns the rationalism of Ibn Sina , and a collection of biographies of Sufi saints “Blows of Friendship from the Sanctuary of Holiness” ( 1476 - 1478 ). In 1480 - 1487, Jami completed the cycle of poems ( dastans ) "Seven Crowns" ("Constellation Ursa Major") ^[2] .

Seven Crowns:

• Salaman and Absal. (1479-1480)
• Yusuf and Zuleikha. (1483)
• Leili and Majnun. (1484)
• Gift to the noble. (1481-1482)
• The beads of the righteous. (1482-1483)
• Gold chain. (1485-1486)
• The book of wisdom Iskandar. (1486-1487)

The poems Yusuf and Zuleikh, Salaman and Absal, Leili and Menjmun are figuratively allegorical and humanistic works of Persian literature . The prose essay "Baharistan" (1487) contains examples of folk wisdom and morality, rejection of the social hierarchy ^[5] .

Jami died in Herat in 1492. On the day of his death, the whole city was in mourning. At the command of the Sultan, the poet arranged a brilliant funeral ^[6] . The grave of Jami is one of the attractions of Herat.

The work on the music of Jami summarizes the achievements of his predecessors - al-Farabi , Ibn Sina, Safi al-Din Urmawi, Abd al-Qadir Maraghi. The first part (the “book”) of the work is devoted to the doctrine of composition, the second to the doctrine of rhythm. Jami considers intervals and interval systems ( tetrachords , pentachords, and larger scale scales up to the 17-step octave scale of the oud ), discusses the freak system of makama . In the doctrine of rhythm, Jami identifies the smallest unit (similar to the Greek “chronos protos”) under the name “nakr”, introduces the concept of a “rhythmic circle” (similar to the European rhythmic ostinato ). In the doctrine of musical composition, Jami devotes particular attention to the correlation of (poetic) text and music.

• in 1964, on the initiative of the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR I.Muminov, the 550th anniversary of A. Jami was widely celebrated in Samarkand and a memorial plate with his name was installed on the wall of Mirzo Ulugbek madrasah, since he studied at this madrasah.
• in 1970, a monument to A. Jami and A. Navoi was erected in Samarkand.
• In 2018, a monument in Samarkand was erected at a new location.
• streets of Samarkand, Dushanbe and Tashkent are named after A. Jami

• Jami. Becharestan (Spring Garden) / Trans. Art. and approx. K.I. Chaikin . - M .; L .: Academia , 1935.
• Jami. Lyrics. About the word and poets / Translation from Farsi V. Zvyagintseva , N. Voronel, Naum Grebneva , T. Streshneva, L. Penkovsky, S. Lipkin , S. Severtsev, V. Derzhavin, Yu. Neumann , A. Adalis . Dushanbe : Irfon, 1964 .
• Jami. Lyrics / Translation from Farsi A. Bratsky, N. Voronel, Naum Grebnev , V. Derzhavin, V. Zvyagintseva , S. Lipkin , R. Moran, Yu. Neumann , L. Penkovsky, S. Severtsev and T. Streshneva. Moscow : Fiction, 1971 .
• Jami. Selected works: (Lyrics, “Semeritsa”, “Spring Garden”) / Translation from Farsi V. Zvyagintseva , Naum Grebnev , T. Streshneva, L. Penkovsky, S. Lipkin , V. Derzhavin, Yu. Neumann , A. Adalis . Leningrad : Soviet writer, 1978.
• Truths: The sayings of the Persian and Tajik peoples, their poets and sages. Translation from Farsi to Naum Grebnev . 256 s. St. Petersburg, ABC Classic, 2005. ISBN 5-352-01412-6
• A treatise on music. Edited by V. M. Belyaev . Tashkent, 1960.

• Frayonova E. M. Jami // Big Russian Encyclopedia. T.8. M., 2007, p.632.
• Bertels E.E. Jamie. Age, life, creativity. - Stalinabad, 1949.
• Bertels E.E. Navoi and Jami. - M. , 1965.
• Urunbaev A. Manuscripts by the work of Adurrahman Jami in the collection of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. SSR. - Tash. , 1965.
• The main works of foreign fiction. Asia. Africa. Literary and bibliographic reference. - M.-SPb .: Terra. Alphabet, 1997 .-- 608 p.

Jami's creativity on the net

• Jami. Poems
• Jami. Proverbs and aphorisms (on the website “Proverbs and Tales of the East and West”) (inaccessible link from 11-05-2013 [2289 days])

About the poet

• Jamie in the Literary Encyclopedia
• Braginsky I. S. Literature of the 15th century: <Persian-Tajik literature>. Jami // History of World Literature: In 9 volumes / USSR Academy of Sciences; Institute of World Lite. them. A. M. Gorky. - M .: Nauka, 1983 - T. 3. - 1985. - S. 565-566
• Jāmi Encyclopædia Iranica . Date of treatment April 3, 2011. Archived February 25, 2012.

When writing this article, material from the publication Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia ”(1998-2007), provided by the editors of the“ Kazakh Encyclopedia ”under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported license .