Baron Egor Nikolayevich Schaeffer (also - Georg Anton Alois von Schaeffer , German Dr. Georg Anton Aloysius von Schäffer ; January 20, 1779 , Munnerstadt , Franconia - 1836 , Frankenthal , Brazil ) - German and Russian scientist - naturalist , mineralogist, biologist, pharmacist and traveler.
| Egor Nikolaevich Scheffer | |
|---|---|
| him. Georg Anton Aloysius Schäffer , port. Jorge antônio schäffer | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | January 27, 1779 |
| Place of Birth | Munnerstadt , Franconia |
| Date of death | OK. 1836 |
| Place of death | Frankenthal , Brazil |
| A country | |
| Occupation | traveler, naturalist , medic |
Since 1813 he served as a ship's doctor in the Russian frigate "Suvorov". Since 1822, he was a colonist in the service of the Russian-American company , the author of the project to include the Hawaiian Islands in Tsarist Russia, an attempt to implement which, despite short-term successes, was unsuccessful and turned into sensitive financial costs for the company.
Content
Biography
Georg Schaeffer was born on January 27, 1779 in Munnerstadt ( Franconia ). He studied pharmacology in Munich 1799-1800, and then worked in a pharmacy in Munnerstadt. In 1804, he began his studies at Julius Hospital [ what? ] College of Medicine in Würzburg. In January 1808 he received the title of Doctor of Medicine and in the same year he emigrated with his wife Barbara to Russia. At first he lived in St. Petersburg , in 1812 he moved to Moscow . For his services he was bestowed the title of Baron . According to some reports, he was a master of the Order of Masons .
In addition to medical practice, he devoted a lot of time to the study of botany and minerals .
In 1812, Georg accidentally met a childhood friend, Franz Leppich on Moscow Street, and he was appointed "director of physical and chemical supplies" at the construction of a military controlled balloon in Vorontsovo . After Leppich's failure to build a ball for the battle of Borodino, Georg escorted the evacuation of 130 supplies with aerostat materials through Kolomna to Nizhny Novgorod and then to Oranienbaum .
The loss of property during the fire of Moscow, signs of emotional distress at Barbara’s wife and Leppich’s departure from Russia prompted Schaeffer in 1813 to take part in a naval expedition to Alaska on the Suvorov military sloop. In Alaska, was written off the ship as "a person intolerant of a ship."
Hawaii
On January 31, 1815, the Russian vessel Bering (Atahualpa) anchored off the coast of Kauai to replenish water and food supplies. While docking, the Governor of Kauai Kaumuali unexpectedly announced the confiscation of the vessel and cargo in the amount of 100,000 rubles.
In response to this, the head of the Russian-American company A. A. Baranov immediately sent an armed expedition aboard the Otkrytie ship to the rescue. Schaeffer first arrived in Oahu, where he was friendly welcomed by King Kamehameha. Schaeffer treated the royal family, but gradually the king began to suspect him of not quite honest intentions. Schaeffer headed for Kauai, preparing to force free the ship. But no weapons were needed - King Kaumulali was ready to return the ship and cargo. The king was looking for a powerful patron in his desire to be independent from Kamehameh and decided to use Russia in this capacity. This completely coincided with Sheffer's intentions to take over the island and use it as an intermediate port for the ships of the Russian-American company. For several months, Schaeffer claimed a Russian presence on Kauai and as a result received a royal gift - the Hanalei Valley in the north of the island, which he renamed Sheffertal, and the Hanapepe River - to Don [1] .
Under the leadership of the doctor in 1816, three forts were built: Fort Elizabeth , Fort Alexander and Fort Barclay. In 1817, in March, five ships sailed to the island with armed Americans and natives and defeated all Russian trading posts and plantations, and Russian subjects were put on one of the Russian ships and forced to sail.
Arriving in St. Petersburg , Schaeffer presented to the government a plan for the occupation by Russia of one of the Hawaiian Islands. He was supported by the Russian-American company, but the tsar rejected the project. [2]
Brazil
In April 1818, on the Portuguese ship Luconia, sailing from Macau via Australia and China , arrived in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, he achieved an audience with Princess Leopoldina , the wife of the future Emperor of Brazil, Pedro I , and presented her with the rich botanical collection he had collected, which later became part of the Royal Museum. Then he returned to Europe for a short while, “in order to settle matters,” and, returning to Brazil in 1821, together with four families of his compatriots (47 people), founded the first German colony, Franzental , on the lands granted to him in the state of Bahia .
In September 1822 he was sent to Europe with an order to recruit German soldiers and new settlers. This mission marked the beginning of massive German immigration to Brazil , which had recently proclaimed its independence from Portugal . In July 1828, Schaeffer returned to Brazil and requested the emperor to grant him the title of Viscount Frankenthal Jacquarand, but was refused and only a monetary reward for his work in Europe. After some time, he again arrived in Europe. In 1829 he sought (unsuccessfully) his appointment to the post of Brazilian ambassador to Germany .
He died in the unknown, presumably in 1836 , in the Frankenthal colony founded by him.
In the literature
The protagonist of the novel by Mikhail Kazovsky “Russian Hawaii” (M., “Feat”, 2016).
Notes
- ↑ Kauai: The Separate Kingdom. By Edward Joesting. University of Hawaii Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8248-1162-3
- ↑ History of Russian America (1732-1867): In 3 vols. / Ed. N. N. Bolkhovitinova. - M.: Intern. Relations, 1997-1999. Head Russian in Hawaii (1804-1825). The adventure of Dr. Schaeffer (1815-1819)
Links
In English:
- Gavan Daws. Shoal of time: a history of the Hawaiian Islands. - University of Hawaii Press, 1968. - ISBN 0-8248-0324-8 , ISBN 978-0-8248-0324-7 [1]
- The Russian-American Company in Hawaii by Murray Lundberg
- Russians in Hawai`i
- The russian presence in Hawaii
- Historical Collections of Hawai'i. Keepers of the Culture. A study in time of the Hawai'ian Islands by Darlene E. Kelley
- Lee B Croft (2012). George Anton Schaeffer: Killing Napoleon From the Air. Sphynx Publications. ISBN 978-1-105-88437-5 .
- Lee B Croft (2012) George Anton Schaeffer: Arm Wrestling Kamehameha. Sphynx Publications. ISBN 978-0-9858908-1-0 .
- Lee B Croft (2012) George Anton Schaeffer: Shipping Germans to Brazil. Sphynx Publications. ISBN 978-0-9858908-2-7 .
In Russian:
- History of Russian America (1732-1867): In 3 vols. / Ed. N. N. Bolkhovitinova. - M.: Intern. Relations, 1997-1999. Head Russian in Hawaii (1804-1825). The adventure of Dr. Schaeffer (1815-1819)