Nur, Ryza

After graduating from the medical school, he worked as a surgeon at the Gulkhane military hospital, from 1907 he taught at the same military medical school, which he graduated from earlier ^[2] . Shortly before that, Ryza Nur was sent to the border with Bulgaria, his task was to check the flowers imported into the Ottoman Empire, which the sultan believed were infected with dangerous viruses. This work, as well as the fact that the authorities did not provide Ryz Nur with a microscope, as well as other scientific tools, led him to believe that the rule of Abdul-Hamid II made the country backward and corrupt, which would inevitably lead to its decline ^[3] .

Also, approximately at this period, what later, Ryz in his memoirs would call “adventures” took place. Twice he had to deal with gonorrhea , this experience, however, partially helped Ryz to write the book Protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases published in 1907 ^[4] .

After the introduction of a constitutional monarchy in the country, he became involved in politics, but soon he had a conflict with the Unity and Progress party. As a result, Ryza was sent to prison; after leaving her, he had to leave the country ^[2] . After the end of the First World War, he supported the idea of ​​declaring Turkey as the mandate territory of the United States, because he believed that Turkey was a strong ally for prosperity ^[5] .

In 1919 he returned to Turkey. Participated in the organization of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey . He has held the posts of Minister of Education and Minister of Health. He was a member of the Turkish delegation that signed the Moscow Treaty with the RSFSR and represented Turkey at the Lozanskaya Conference . Most of the Turkish government were former members of the Unity and Progress party, while the presence in the government of people who previously opposed them, for example, Ryzy Nur and Ahmet Ferit, allowed Ataturk to position itself as a politician who can unite even former enemies ^{[ 6]} .

At the Lausanne Conference, Ryza served as assistant to the head of the Turkish delegation, Ismet Inonu ^[7] . Ryza proposed recognizing the Grand National Assembly as a legitimate government, abandoning the monarchy, but retaining the control of the Turkish government over the caliphate. At the conference, Ryza was reproached by Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos for his position regarding the situation with the Pontic Greeks ^[8] . Also, Ryza’s inflexibility regarding the situation with the Armenians led the Yugoslav delegation to declare that Ryza Nur “begins to demonstrate his split hoof” ^[9] .

Last years of life

In 1926, an unsuccessful attempt was made on the life of Ataturk in Izmir ^[2] . A number of people accused of attempted murder, including Mehmet Javid Bey , were hanged. Despite the fact that Ryza Nur disagreed with the majority of convicts, he nonetheless criticized their execution because he believed that innocent people were convicted ^[10] . Ryza also wrote a series of articles that stated that Atatürk was an alcoholic ^[11] . All this led to another emigration, in 1926 Ryza left Turkey. He returned only after Ataturk died. From 1942 he published the magazine "Tanrydagy" ( tour. Tanrıdağı ), which promoted the ideas of panturanism and pan-Turkism . The name of the journal is a reference to the Tien Shan mountains in Mongolia, in which ancient Turkic tribes lived ^[12] .

In addition, Ryza Nur wrote a number of works on various topics, his most significant work is the history of Turkey of 14 volumes ^[13] .

He died at the age of 63 years. He was buried at the Merkezefendi cemetery in Istanbul ^[2] .