Sloan Memorial Cancer Center - Kettering

1884-1934: New York Cancer Hospital

The Memorial Center was founded on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital. Among the founders of the center were John Jacob Astor III (John Jacob Astor III) and his wife Charlotte. ^{[2] [3]} William B. Coley, who first used immunotherapy to fight tumors, was appointed as the surgeon. ^[four]

Rosa Hawthorne, the daughter of writer Nathaniel Hawthorne , was trained at the hospital in the summer of 1896 before setting up her Order of the Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne. ^[five]

In 1899, the name of the center was changed to " General Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases ." ^[6]

Around 1910, James Ewing, professor of medicine at Cornell University College, began his collaboration with the Memorial Hospital. James Douglas, an industrialist and philanthropist, has allocated $ 100,000 in equipment for twenty beds for clinical trials, as well as equipment for working with radiation and a clinical laboratory. Douglas' enthusiasm and financial support inspired Ewing to become one of the pioneers of radiotherapy . Soon, Ewing took over the management of clinical and laboratory research in the hospital. ^[7]

In 1916, the hospital was again renamed: the word "general" was removed from the name, and it became known simply as the Memorial Hospital. ^[eight]

The first US fellowship training program was created at the Memorial Hospital in 1927 and was funded by the Rockefellers . ^[9]

In 1931, the most powerful x-ray tube at that time, 900 kilovolts, was installed in the radiotherapy department. The handset was created by General Electric for several years. ^[ten]

Also in 1931, Ewing was officially appointed president of the hospital, although in fact he had already performed these duties before that. His photograph was posted on the cover of Time magazine with the caption "Ewing Cancer Man." A cover article described his role as one of the most prominent oncologists of the time. ^{[7] [11] [12]}

Ewing worked at the Memorial Hospital until his retirement in 1939. Under his leadership, the institution has become a model for other cancer centers in the United States, combining patient care with clinical and laboratory research. Rollins Emerson said of Ewing this way: “Each organization is just an elongated shadow of one person. Dr. Ewing is a Memorial Hospital. ” ^[7]

1934-1980: Memorial Hospital and the Institute. Sloane Kettering

In 1934, John D. Rockefeller Jr. donated land on York Avenue for the new hospital location. ^[13] Two years later, he donated $ 3,000,000 to the Memorial Hospital and the hospital began its relocation to a new location. ^{[14] The} Memorial Hospital officially opened in a new location in 1939. ^{[15] [16]}

In 1945, General Motors Chairman Alfred P. Sloan, through his foundation, donated $ 4,000,000 to the Cancer Research Institute. Sloan Kettering. And Charles F. Kettering, vice president and research director at General Motors, agreed to personally oversee the organization of the cancer research program. Initially, an independent research institute was built next to the Memorial Hospital. ^[17]

In 1948, Cornelius P. Rhoads became director of the Memorial Hospital. Roads worked on chemical weapons programs for the U.S. Army during World War II, where he discovered that nitrogen mustards could potentially be used as cancer drugs. He provided collaboration between the clinician Joseph H. Burchenal, Gertrude B. Elyon, and George G. Hitchings of Burroughs Wellcome, who discovered mercaptopurine . This collaboration led to the development and subsequently to widespread use of this anti-cancer agent. ^{[18] [19]}

From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, Chester M. Southam conducted the first clinical trials for virotherapy and cancer immunotherapy at the center. However, he conducted his research on humans without their informed voluntary consent . He did this both with his own and with patients of other doctors, as well as with prisoners. In 1963, some doctors criticized the patient’s lack of consent in his experiments and reported to him to the regents of the University of New York, who found Southam guilty of fraud, deception and unprofessional behavior and gave him one year of probation. ^{[20] [21]} Southam’s experiments and his case with the Regents were covered by the New York Times. ^{[22] [23] [24] [25] [26]}

In 1960, the Memorial Cancer Center. Sloan Kettering was formed as a new corporation to coordinate the two institutions. The center’s president was John Heller, a former director of the US National Cancer Institute . ^[27]

Towards the end of the 1960s, when pediatric oncology began to make first strides, the Memorial Center opened an outpatient day care clinic, partly to deal with the growing number of survivors of cancer. ^[28]

In the early 1970s, Burchenal and Benno Schmidt, a professional investor and trustee of the Memorial Center, were appointed members of the presidential commission that initiated the English Cancer War . War on Cancer . ^[18] When, in 1971, Congress adopted the English National Cancer Program . National Cancer Act , the center has been named one of the three key integrated cancer centers in the United States. ^[29]

In 1977, Jimmy Holland established a permanent psychiatric service at the center to help people with cancer cope with the disease and its treatment. This was one of the first such programs that laid the foundation for the field of psycho-oncology . ^{[30] [31]}

1980- and to date: Memorial Cancer Center. Sloane Kettering

In 1980, the Memorial Hospital and the Institute. Sloan Kettering officially merged into a single whole under the name “Memorial Cancer Center named after Sloan Kettering. " ^[sixteen]

In 2000, the center was headed by the former director of the US National Institutes of Health, Harold Varmus . During his tenure, new facilities were built, communication between the clinical and research departments of MSCs was strengthened, and cooperation was established with other institutions such as the Vale Cornell College of Medicine and Rockefeller University . ^[32]

Oncologist and researcher Craig B. Thompson (Craig B. Thompson) was appointed president of the center in 2010. ^[33] The following year, 2011, the Memorial Center ranked third in the list of the most successful nonprofits in terms of FDA -approved drugs and vaccines, skipping ahead of the National Institutes of Health and the University of California . ^[34]

In 2012, Thompson appointed José Baselga to be the head physician of the clinical unit of the center. ^[35] In the same year, collaboration with IBM Watson was announced to develop new tools and resources for more accurate diagnosis and patient recommendations. ^[36] Joan Massagué, director of research at the center, SKI, was appointed in 2013. ^[37]

Center for Integrative Medicine Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center Memorial Cancer Center. Sloan Kettering is located in Manhattan at 429 First Avenue, on East 74 Street. The former bank building was built by architects Perkins and William. It was reconstructed for use by the center in 1997. ^[38]

In 2005, Luis Gerstner opened the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Memorial Center, the purpose of which is to deepen research through the introduction of interactive and innovative technologies. ^[39]

In partnership with Rockefeller University and the Weil Cornell College of Medicine, the center runs an MD – PhD (MD) PhD program. This biomedical program takes advantage of the proximity of these three institutions to collaborate on biomedical research. There is also a similar program in the field of computational biology and medicine.

In 2015, Charity Watch assigned the Memorial Cancer Center. Sloane Kettering rating "A". The leaders of the charity received remuneration ranging from $ 2,107,939 to $ 2,639,669. Director Craig Thompson received $ 2,554,085. ^[40]

US News & World Report magazine put the center in second place in the USA among oncological institutions in 2015-2016 and in 2017. ^{[41] [42]}

• Official site
• Gerstner Sloan – Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
• Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences