Dymkovo game is one of the Russian folk clay crafts . It arose in the district settlement of Dymkovo , near the city of Vyatka (now in the territory of the city of Kirov ).
This is one of the oldest crafts in Russia, which arose in the 15th-16th centuries.
Content
History
The appearance of the toy is associated with the spring holiday of Svistunya , to which the female population of the Dymkovo settlement made clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks and other animals; they were painted in different bright colors. Later, when the holiday lost its significance, the fishing not only survived, but also received further development.
Manufacturing
Dymkovo toy is a handmade product. Each toy is the creation of one master. Making toys from modeling to painting is a creative process that never repeats. No and cannot be two absolutely identical products.
For the production of Dymkovo toys, local bright red clay is used , carefully mixed with fine brown river sand . Figures are molded in parts, individual parts are assembled and molded using liquid red clay as a binder. Smooth traces of molding to give the product a smooth surface.
After complete drying for two to fifty days and firing at a temperature of 700-900 ° C, the toys are covered with tempera white in two or three layers (before whitewashing was carried out with chalk diluted in milk). Previously, toys were painted with tempera paints mixed on an egg with kvass , using sticks and feathers instead of brushes. The painted toy was again covered with a beaten egg, which gave the faded aniline dyes shine and brightness. Today, aniline dyes and soft core brushes are used for painting. Using a wide range of colors, in which there is a lot of red, yellow, blue, green, scarlet, gives the Dymkovo toy special brightness and elegance. A strictly geometric ornament is built according to various compositional schemes: cells, stripes, circles, dots are applied in various combinations. The decoration is completed with rhombic or gold leaf toys pasted over the pattern.
The most common plots: babysitters with children, water drains , rams with golden horns, turkeys, roosters, deer, young people, buffoons , and mistresses .
The meaning of the Dymkovo toy
Dymkovo toy has become one of the symbols of the Kirov region , emphasizing the identity of the Vyatka region , its ancient history.
Due to its plasticity, simplicity of patterns, brightness of the palette, the Dymkovo toy is widely studied and used in children's art, embodied in the form of drawings, clay products and other materials. The outfits of Dymkovo “mistresses” were reflected in the collections of modern clothing designers [1] .
The folk “Dymkovo” style has been repeatedly used in artistic (primarily children's) works (for example, the animated film “The Servant Returned Home, ” directed by Vladimir Degtyarev , USSR , 1959).
In 2010, in the center of Kirov, a sculptural group “Family” was established, made according to the canons of the Dymkovo toy and representing a group of a lady with a baby, a peasant with an accordion, a child with a whistle, a cat and a dog [2] .
Dymkovo motifs were used at the opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi [3] .
Water carrier
Girl with a Samovar
The sculptural group "Family", made according to the canons of the Dymkovo toy
Notes
Literature
- Dymkovo toy // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 9. - M. , 2007. - S. 455-456.
- Encyclopedia of the land of Vyatka / rev. V. Sitnikov. - GIPP "Vyatka", 2000. - T. 10 - Crafts. - 593 p. - 11,500 copies. - ISBN 5-85271-041-5 .