Alfred Rittmann ( German: Alfred Rittmann ; March 23, 1893 , Basel , Switzerland - September 19, 1980 , Piazza Armerina , Sicily , Italy ) is a Swiss volcanologist who laid the foundations of modern volcanology . Teacher, professor. Ph.D. President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's bowels (IAVCEI) (1954-1963).
| Alfred Ritman | |
|---|---|
| him. Alfred rittmann | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | March 23, 1893 |
| Place of Birth | Basel , Switzerland |
| Date of death | September 19, 1980 (87 years old) |
| A place of death | Piazza Armerina , Sicily , Italy |
| A country |  Switzerland |
| Scientific field | geology , volcanology , petrography , geochemistry |
| Place of work | Institute of Volcanology ( Naples ), University of Basel, University of Naples , Institute of Geology and Mineralogy ( Alexandria , Egypt ), Cairo University , Institute of Volcanology at the University of Catania |
| Alma mater | University of Geneva |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| Known as | laid the foundations of modern volcanology |
| Awards and prizes | Honoris causa of the University of Bern |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Scientific activities
- 3 Selected Works
- 4 memory
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Biography
The son of a dentist. He first studied natural sciences at the University of Basel , then moved to the University of Geneva , which he graduated in 1922. There he received a Ph.D. (1922) for his thesis on ultrabasic igneous rocks of the Ural Mountains.
Later he continued his studies in Paris under the guidance of Antoine Lacroix , in Vienna with Karl Becke , at the University of Heidelberg with Victor Goldschmidt .
He worked in many countries of the world. In 1926, the banker Immanuel Friedlander founded the Institute of Volcanology in Naples , and A. Ritman moved there to work, became the leading researcher of the institute (1926-1934), where he studied in detail the eruptions of Vesuvius , the volcanic island of Ischia and other volcanoes of the Roman province.
As a result of research, his first major work, Evolution und Differentiation des Somma-Vesuvmagmas (1933), appeared.
In 1934, A. Ritman returned to Switzerland, settled in Basel , where until 1941 he worked as a private assistant professor of petrography , volcanology and geochemistry at the University of Basel. Over the years, he published a number of his basic ideas in basic monographs.
In 1936 he participated in the Danish-Greenland expedition led by Lauge Koch , who explored the natural wealth of Iceland .
In 1941, A. Ritman again went to Italy and became a professor at the University of Naples . Until 1948, on the instructions of the Italian state, he conducted geological explorations in the Naples region, in Tuscany and Albania .
In 1949 he moved to Alexandria ( Egypt ), where from 1950 to 1953 he worked as director of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy. From 1953 to 1957, A. Ritman worked at the Institute of Crystal Optics in Cairo . In 1954 he was appointed professor of mineralogy at the Geological Institute of Cairo University .
At this time, he developed and published his own classification of volcanic rocks and a petrochemical recount system.
In 1958-1968, A. Ritman was the director of the Institute of Volcanology at the University of Catania in Catania ( Sicily ), founded on his initiative [1] , actively studied Mount Etna .
Scientific activity
He made a special contribution to the study of the Vesuvius volcano, he belongs to the first and widely known hypothesis of the formation of high potassium lavas of Vesuvius - the hypothesis of the assimilation of dolomites . The study of melt and fluid inclusions made it possible to establish the physicochemical parameters of the formation of lava minerals and various inclusions and xenoliths ( clinopyroxene , olivine , plagioclase ).
In 1941, Ritman and Kuhn, based on the hypothesis of the identity of the composition of the Sun and the Earth and on the calculations of the phase transition in hydrogen , suggested that the earth's core consists of metallic hydrogen [2] [3] . This hypothesis has not passed an experimental test.
Selected Works
- Geologie der Insel Ischia in Zeitschrift für Vulkanologie, Vol. VI. - B. , 1930.
- Vulkane und ihre Tätigkeit (Gebundene Ausgabe), 1936.
- Origine e differenziazione del magma ischitano in Bull. Suisse min. Petr., Vol. 28.
- L'isola d'Ischia. Geologia in Boll. Serv: Geol: Ital., Vol. CI con la collaborazione di V. Gottini. - Roma, 1981.
Memory
- The pyroclastic cone on the Etna volcano formed as a result of the eruption of 1986-1987 is named after A. Ritman.
- Shield volcano on Victoria Land in Antarctica showing fumarole activity
- The mineral rythmanite (IMA 1987-048, 08.DH.15).
Notes
- ↑ Seit dem Jahr 2000 führt das Institut den Namen "Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia", Catania.
- ↑ Kuskov O. L., Khitarov N. I. Thermodynamics and geochemistry of the Earth’s core and mantle. - M .: Nauka, 1982. - S. 127: “In the middle of the XX century. hypotheses appear about the undesirable composition of the nucleus. W. Coon and A. Ritman [513], based on the hypothesis of the identity of the compositions of the Sun and the Earth and on the calculations of the phase transition in hydrogen [666], put forward the assumption of a core consisting of metallic hydrogen.
- ↑ Kuhn W, Rittmann A. Über den Zustand des Erdinnern und seine Enstehung aus einem homogenen Urzustand - Geologische Rundschau, 1941, vol 32., issue 3, p. 215-256. doi: 10.1007 / BF01799758 , ISSN 0016-7835