Gruzdev, Alexander Ivanovich

Before World War II and the war years

Born and raised in a peasant family. He studied in the district , and then in the Soviet school until 1919, until his 17 years he worked in the farm of his father.

In 1926 he entered the workers' school in the city of Vyatka (now the city of Kirov ). After graduating from the workers' school, he worked in 1930-1932 as a teacher in a village school in the village of Shchyotkino and head of a reading room in the village of Utmanovo in the Northern Territory .

In 1932 he entered the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute (LGPI) them. A.I. Herzen (now the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen ) and graduated in 1937 . In 1937–1938, he worked at the Russian Literature Department as an assistant ^[4] . In 1937-1941 he studied in graduate school of the same institute (supervisor - V. A. Desnitsky ). He defended his thesis on June 23, 1941 at a meeting of the LGPI Academic Council. Thesis topic: “D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak and his novel Privalovsky Millions. ”

In July 1941, he voluntarily joined the ranks of the National Militia of Leningrad . Participated in hostilities as part of the 80th infantry division .

For personal courage and military merit he was awarded: the medal "For Courage" (1941), the Order of the Red Star (1943), the Order of the Patriotic War I degree (1944), etc.

He was seriously wounded at the front in February 1944 , underwent amputation of the leg, walked first on crutches, and then on the prosthesis. He ended the war as a major. In 1945 he returned to teaching and research work.

Scientific and pedagogical work after the war

He worked at the department of Russian literature LGPI ^[5] , has gone from an assistant to a professor. He headed this department from 1949 to 1964, delivered lecture courses on the history of Russian literature of the 19th century, until the end of his days he conducted special courses, supervised graduate students.

In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis ^[6] . Theme of the dissertation: “Poems of N. A. Nekrasov of the 1860–1870s. (Nature of the genre) ".

A.I. Gruzdev educated many teachers and researchers of Russian literature, with some of whom he maintained friendly and creative contacts for decades - personally and by correspondence. Among the students of A.I. Gruzdeva are E.I. Annenkov ^[7] , Yu.V. Lebedev .

N. A. Nekrasov did not have time to complete the poem, did not indicate the order of its parts, the text of the poem contained many copyright revisions, and when publishing the poem it was not always obvious which verses should be included in the final text and which should not. A detailed review of the history of publications of the poem, related issues and various attempts to solve them was given by A. I. Gruzdev in a number of scientific articles, the results of his research are summarized in the comments to the 5th volume of the academic publication of the Complete Works and Letters of N. A. Nekrasov in 15 volumes, published in 1982 ^[8] . As indicated in these comments, at the time of the publication of the poem in this publication, the discussion about the problem of the location of its chapters was delayed in nekrasovedenii for six decades. In the post-revolutionary period, the participants in this discussion were, at different times, K. I. Chukovsky , P. N. Sakulin , V. V. Gippius , E. V. Betanevskaya , N. G. Dmitriev , I. Yu. Tverdokhlebov , I. V. Shamorikov , M. V. Teplinsky , L. A. Evstigneeva , B. Ya. Buchstab . Editorial Board of the Complete Works and Letters N.A. Nekrasova considered the textological arguments of A. I. Gruzdev convincing, and the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” was published in the 5th volume of this edition in its wording.

In particular, A.I. Gruzdev argued against including in the main text of the poem the lines about Grigory Dobrosklonov, crossed out by N. A. Nekrasov in the manuscript:

He was destined to cook
Glorious way, great name
Public Defender,
Tuberculosis and Siberia.

In A.I. Gruzdev's article “On the controversial quatrain in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov,“ Who Lives Well in Russia, ”concluded:“ ... the passage does not agree with the main idea of ​​the poem. Nekrasov eliminated from the “Pir” parts of the poem "Feast for the whole world"] are not only poems about consumption and Siberia, but also the thought of the possibility of the untimely death of Grisha [Dobroklononov] and, most importantly, of the absence of a happy one in Russia. As a result the central idea of ​​the work has changed. Literary historians have no right to ignore so much author's text editing " ^[9] .

Medal "For Courage" (1941) ^[10]

Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" (1942) ^[11]

Order of the Red Star (1943) ^[12]

Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (1944) ^[13]

Medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ^[14]

Sign "Defender of the Oranienbaum bridgehead of 1941-1944." ^[15]

Sign "People's Militia of Leningrad" ^[16]

The sign "Veteran of the Volkhov Front - a participant in the battle for Leningrad 1941-1944." ^[17]

Honorary badge "For excellent achievements in the field of higher education of the USSR" (1981)

From the memoirs of Nikolai Konstantinovich Shuvalov, a member of the Leningrad People's Militia, a former chief of staff of the 88th artillery regiment ^[18] :

In the midst of a hot July day, the enemy suddenly opened heavy fire on our leading edge. He was led by several artillery battalions. The shelling area is limited to the site of one of our battalions. [...]

I, at that time, the chief of intelligence of the artillery regiment, was ordered to clarify the situation on the spot.

To the command post of the battalion, I rushed along with another rider. Tall, slender, fit, he caught my attention with clarity and thoughtfulness of orders. It turned out that he was an assistant to the head of the operational department A.I. Gruzdev .

The battle that has begun is just gaining momentum. The enemy managed to capture the tank remaining in the "no man" zone. The battle lasted day and night. Early in the morning, before sunrise, the tank was repulsed by us. Led the interaction of the parts in this battle A. Gruzdev . [...]

* * *

Stepping over lying at the bottom of the trench, squeezing between the walls sticking to its walls, several people hardly make their way along the trench.

- Battalion Commander! Gunners? - This is the chief of the operations department of the division headquarters, Captain Gruzdev, last time checks the readiness of units and subunits for the start of the battle. [...]

* * *

The blockade of Leningrad is broken! Now we need to expand the corridor! Now on our way Sinyavino.

All the buildings of the village dismantled by the enemy. On the site of the basement equipped bunkers. Before us are minefields and barbed wire. Dense and well-organized fire of all types of weapons crowns the enemy defenses. That is what Sinyavino is in February 1943. We are advancing on Sinyavino heights on even Sinyavino peat swamps, like a tablecloth.

Gruzdev continuously in the units, controls the execution of the order, ensures the interaction of parts, the joints between the units (the division went to the right flank of the Volkhov Front). Ensuring the interface of the two fronts of Volkhov and Leningrad! How responsibly! In the units and headquarters of the division they spoke of Gruzdev as a man of rare self-control, composure, personal courage.

* * *

After a year, 80 sd [rifle division] as part of the troops of the Volkhov front launched an offensive. A few days later Leningrad and the whole country celebrated a great victory - the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad. At this time, A.I. Gruzdev , seriously wounded, was in the hospital.

He could not return to the system. He did not manage to reach the lair of the fascist beast, but he did everything to reach the others.

In our division there were many excellent and even wonderful people, but I personally did not know the second such charming and at the same time so principled and direct person.

Wife - Sofia Ivanovna Gruzdeva (1914, St. Petersburg - 1971, Leningrad), Candidate of Philology (1949) ^[19] , Associate Professor of the Russian Language Department, Faculty of Philology, Leningrad State University ^[20] (now St. Petersburg State University ), specialist in the field of historical and theoretical syntax of the Russian, Lithuanian and Old Slavonic languages ^[21] . Collaborations of A.I. Gruzdeva and S.I. Gruzdeva : Notes to Volume 3 of the Collected Works of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak ^[22] , article “On the name of Mamin-Sibiryak’s novel“ The Mountain Nest ”” ^[23] .

Daughters: Natalya Aleksandrovna Sharonova (Gruzdeva), physicist, scientific editor (born in 1937, Leningrad), Maria Aleksandrovna Shelyakhovskaya (Gruzdeva), physicist, translator (born in 1947, Leningrad). Published memoirs and documents on the history of the Gruzdev family ^[24] .

Grandchildren: Mikhail Y. Sharonov, a physicist; Alexey Yurievich Sharonov, physicist; Olga Shelyakhovskaya, translator, Elena Vladimirovna Shelyakhovskaya, economist and translator.

• Podolskaya I.I. Gruzdev A. // Brief literary encyclopedia . - M .: Owls. encyclical , 1962-1978. T. 9: Abbaszade - Yahutl. - 1978 . - Stb. 247.