Yankev Anchl Groper ( Yiddish יעקבֿ גראָפּער ; August 21, 1890 , , Moldova , Romania - December 12, 1968 , Haifa , Israel ) - Jewish poet , the central figure of Jewish literature in Romania. He wrote in Yiddish .
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Biography
Jankev Groper was born in 1890 in the Moldavian town of Botosani County in the family of Mote Groper. The Groper family originated from Hungarian lands and was traditional and religious. He received a traditional Jewish education, then studied law at Iasi University. He began to write in his youth - initially in Romanian and German . In 1907-1908 he lived in Chernivtsi and, impressed by the Chernivtsi Conference (in 1908, for the first time declared Yiddish - one of the two national languages of the Jewish people) completely switched to Yiddish .
Since 1913 he served in the Romanian army, participated in hostilities on the Bulgarian front. After demobilization in 1914, he returned to Iasi , where he founded the literary magazine Licht ( Svet , 1914-1915), with whom prominent in the near future Jewish writers of Romania such as Yankev Botoshansky and Yankev (Yukl) Sternberg collaborated . Very quickly, the magazine turned into a central Jewish periodical in the country, but turned out to be short-lived.
From 1911 to 1916 he was also associated with Toynbee Hall (the Jewish People’s University, organized in Iasi in 1906 with the goal of spreading Jewish culture in Romania), where he taught together with Botosanski , A. L. Zisu, Dr. Yankev-Yitzhok Nemirov (1872 —1939) and others.
Groper was a senior companion of the Yassian poet Benjamin Veksler , who wrote under the pseudonym Barbu Fundoyan (later Benjamin Fondan ), especially in 1912-1915, and had a great influence on him, among other things, interested him in Hasidism in 1915 .
In 1916-1919, Groper was again in the army, this time as a non-commissioned officer on the fronts of the First World War . Upon returning and most of his life he was engaged in legal practice.
Numerous publications in periodicals, first in Vilna and Lemberg , then in Bucharest , Iasi and Chernivtsi, led to his wide popularity in the Jewish literary circles of the country and especially in Moldova , where he, as a very young man, acquired cult status (including as the first born in Romania proper a Yiddish poet). His authority and influence was such that another famous Jewish writer of Romania, Shloime Bikl, years later claimed that " without Gropper there could have been [a classic of Romanian Jewish poetry] Manger ."
Among others , his poems were translated into Romanian by Fondan and Enric Furtuna ( Pekelman ; 1881-1964). In 1964, Groper left Romania and settled in Haifa .
Publications
- אין שאָטן פֿון אַ שטײן ( in shotn fun and matte - in the shadow of a stone, verses). Bucharest: Sholom Aleichem Farlag, 1934.
- B. Iosif . Nostalgia ghettolui evreesc ( Jewish ghetto nostalgia is a literary monograph on Groper's work, contains a large selection of his poems in Romanian translations of B. Joseph). Bucharest: Cultura poporului, 1934.
- נײַע ייִדישע דיכטונג ( Naye Yiddish Dichtung - a new Jewish poetry, a collective collection edited by Yitzhok Paner and Leizer Frenkel, the first in Romania after the war ). Bucharest, 1945 (in Latin) and 1947 (in Hebrew).
- געקליבענע לידער ( heklibane lider - selected poems, compilation and editing by Leyser Frenkel). Yiddish with parallel translation into Hebrew . Tel Aviv, 1975.
Literature about J. Groper
- David Safran "Iacob Groper: Poetul generaţiei noastre: confesiuni" (scriitori din aliana romana, in Romanian). Cenaclul Literar " Menora ", 1962.
- David Safran "Iacob Groper: Poetul liric al pamântului natal. Omagiu postum ”(scriitori din generaţiei mele, in Romanian). Menora, 1967.
- יעקבֿ גראָפּער און זײַן צײַט ( Yankev Groper un zain Zeit / Yaakov Groper, Ishiuto U-Zemano ; Yankev Groper, personality and time, bilingual Yiddish and Hebrew edition edited by Leyser Frenkel), Tel Aviv , 1976.
- A. B. Joffe, “Yankev Groper ve Sifrut Yiddish Be-Romania” (in Hebrew), in the book “Yahadut Romania Bi-Tecuma Israel,” Tel Aviv, 1992 (Volume 1, pp. 295-297).
- Marius Mircu "Idişul cântă şi înc cântă" (in Romanian). Editura Glob: Bat Yam , 2003.
- יעקבֿ גראָפּער װי זײַן דור האָט אים געזען ( Yankev Groper v zayn dor dot him gesen - Yankev Groper through the eyes of his generation, in Yiddish), Tel Aviv, 2007.