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Pictet, Adolf

Adolf Pictet ( fr. Adolphe Pictet ; September 11, 1799 , Geneva or Lancy - December 20, 1875 , Geneva ) - Swiss linguist [2] [3] [4] [4] [5] , philosopher [6] , ballist [7] [8] and writer [7] . Cavalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor ( 1866 ) [9] . For a wide range of his interests, he received the nickname L'Universel (from the French - “versatile”, “universal”, “universal”) [10] [11] [1] .

Adolf Pictet
Adolphe pictet
Adolphe Pictet.jpg
Portrait of 1824, painted by Firm Masso (Pictet in his library [1] ).
Date of BirthSeptember 11, 1799 ( 1799-09-11 )
Place of BirthLancy
Date of deathDecember 20, 1875 ( 1875-12-20 ) (76 years old)
A place of deathGeneva
A countrySwitzerland
Scientific fieldlinguistics , ballistics , philosophy
Place of workUniversity of Geneva
Famous studentsF. de Saussure
Awards and prizesKnight of the Legion of Honor

Content

  • 1 family
  • 2 Biography
  • 3 Pictet and Saussure
  • 4 Proceedings
  • 5 notes

Family

The Pictet family comes from the commune of Neidan near Geneva . Adolf Pictet is the nephew of physicist and naturalist Marc Auguste Pictet , a relative of physicist Raul Pictet , zoologist and paleontologist Francois Jules Pictet de la Riva [13] . The sixth of the seven children of diplomat and statesman Charles Pictet de Rochemon and Adelaide Sarah de Rochemon (1767-1830 [14] ) [15] [16] and their fourth son [15] . After the Vienna Congress in 1815, Adolf's father became a national hero, as he controlled the abandonment of Geneva as part of the Swiss Confederation at the Congress and prepared the draft Declaration of Eternal Neutrality [10] . In 1824, Adolf married [7] Emma Henrietta Augustine Kaznov [16] , daughter of Charles Theofil Kaznov [16] [7] , their children: Emma (1825–1877), Adolf Henri (1830–1893), Leoni Henrietta Valentina ( 1841–1892), Alice Sophie Matilda (1841–1892) [16] and Charles (born 1827), who died in childhood [17] .

Biography

Born September 11, 1799 in Geneva [2] [18] [4] [19] or Lancy [7] [20] . He studied under the guidance of [12] F.E. von Fellenberg [7] , a friend of his father [19] , in the estate [21] (educational institution [12] ) Hofwil ( fr. Hofwyl ) [7] [12] not far from Berne [12] . There he studied natural history , composed music, excelled in mathematics, ancient languages ​​and physical exercises [12] .

He served in the Swiss artillery [22] , senior officer [23] , captain since 1829, major since 1832 and colonel of artillery since 1839, friend of G. A. Dufour since 1830 [19] .

At the end of 1810 - the beginning of 1820 he studied philosophy in Geneva [2] - in 1818 he entered the University of Geneva [7] , Paris (attended lectures by V. Cousin [11] [2] , F. Guizot [2] ) - deepened his knowledge (1820) [7] , Berlin (1821-1823 [7] ; in the courses of Hegel [2] [7] and Schleiermacher [2] ; there he met Schlegel , whom he had corresponded over the years, Goethe , Schelling [6] [12] ; he was also familiar with F. A. Stapfer [19] ), London and Edinburgh [2] (1823 [7] [12] ; there he became interested in Celtic languages [2 ] [12] [12] ).

In 1820 he went to Paris, and philosophy interested him the most. This happened at a time when the Commission on Public Education was in removed Viktor Cousin from his post at the Sorbonne . Cousin involved Pictet in his work and offered to help him establish the Journal of Philosophy ( French Revue de philosophie ; this project was never implemented) [12] . During his work as an assistant to Cousin, the focus of his attention was the theory of beauty [10] [12] .

He returned to Geneva in 1823 [2] and the following year married [7] Emma Henrietta Augustine Kaznov [16] [16] [7] . He published works on philosophy, linguistics [2] [7] , ballistics and the study of shells , literature [7] .

His first works were published in the British Library "- a magazine founded by his father Charles and uncle Mark Auguste [19] .

In 1837 [2] in the work “On the relationship of Celtic languages with Sanskrit ” ( fr. De l'affinité des langues celtiques avec le sanscrit ), which brought him fame [22] and made him a name in the European linguistic world [10] , established that the Celtic languages ​​belonged to the Indo-European family one of the first [2] (after J.K. Prichard [22] , whose work was unknown to Pictet [10] , and J. Richard [24] , ahead of F. Bopp [22] [24 ] [10] [12] , which, having a starting point for the study of Pictet, resolved the question of the genetic affiliation of the Celtic languages ​​finally [10] ). W. Stokes called Pictet "the morning star of Celtic philology " ( Eng. The Morning Star of Celtic Philology ) [12] . This work received the Volney Prize [12] [19] - Award for work in the field of comparative historical linguistics, established by K. F. Wolney .

Soon after, he was appointed professor of comparative literature and aesthetics at the University of Geneva [12] , in 1838-1844 he taught aesthetic philosophy and the history of modern literature there [2] .

Pictet was a friend of Liszt and George Sand [8] . His cousin Alexandra Pictet (1807-1885) was also friendly with Georges Sand. In 1832, she married a Russian officer M. Benediktov and spent her later years in Russia [7] . In 1838 [7] [18] [25] Pictet published the story Une course à Chamounix: conte fantastique , where he talks about his journey with Georges Sand , Liszt and Marie d'Aguet in Chamonix [26] .

December 6, 1856 Pictet became the tenth full member of the National Geneva Institute taking the place of the deceased J.-F. Chaponnier. At that time he was a professor- agreé ( professeur agrégé ) of aesthetics and linguistics at the University of Geneva and a colonel of artillery [27] .

He coined the term “ linguistic paleontology ” [28] ( Fr. paléontologie linguistique ) [29] [30] . In 1859, in his work “ Indo-European Origins, or Aryan Tribes ” ( fr. Les origines indo-européennes, ou les Aryas primitifs [31] ; magnum opus Pictet [6] , a work that gained wide popularity, as the author of which Pictet was most remembered [10] ) he made "the first major attempt to depict on the basis of the linguistic material of the Indo-European family a complete picture of the life and culture of the Indo-European ancestral people and simultaneously determine his place of residence " [3] , "a monumental attempt to reconstruct the whole world of the Indo-European " [6] . This work laid the foundation for linguistic paleontology [2] [22] [30] . He was admired, for example, by J. L. A. Katrfazh . After the publication of the second volume in 1863, the Institute of France awarded the Pictet Prize for the second time [19] .

After that, various academies elect him as their honorary or corresponding member : Royal Society of Edinburgh (in 1864 [17] ), Royal Academy of Ireland (1875 [17] ), Ethnographic Society of New York , Stanislav Academy in Nancy (1868 [17] ) and others [19] . The French Ministry of Education appointed him the correspondent of the Commission for the Topography of Gaul ( French Commission de la topographie des Gaules ) [19] in 1864 [17] .

In 1859, he introduced the concept of linguistic continuity (“an unbroken chain of specific linguistic ties” [24] ), which is associated with the emergence of linguistic geography and areal linguistics [32] .

Pictet did not have a linguistic education [2] . Pictet's works lack a rigorous scientific method; there is a fitting of facts [2] [22] and an uncritical attitude to his constructions [22] . His works are of historical interest only [2] [22] .

Its refinement of the Congreve rocket attracted the interest of the governments of the Sardinian Kingdom and France , and the Austrian government bought its method of manufacturing shock shells [7] .

Pictet suffered from hearing loss that increased over the years [19] .

Adolf Pictet died in Geneva [3] on December 20, 1875 [2] [18] [7] [20] [4] [12] at the age of 76. Then he worked a lot on the second edition of Indo-European Origins and practically did not leave his house, only to go to the Geneva Reading Society ( French Société de lecture ). The last time he appeared in public, he accompanied the motorcade of G. A. Dufour [19] .

Pictet and Saussure

Pictet had long ties with the Saussure family: he was in close relationship with A.A. Necker de Saussure , writer and girlfriend of the even more famous writer J. de Stael (cousin of her husband), and cousin of Adolphe Adel Picte (1836-1917 ; Fr. Adèle Pictet ) married the nephew of A. A. Necker de Saussure of Theodore de Saussure, uncle Ferdinand de Saussure [10] . Tullio de Mauro calls Pictet "one of the patron gods ( English tutelary gods ) of the childhood of Saussure." Saussure himself writes about this in his memoirs of 1903:

The venerable Adolf Pictet, author of Indo-European Origins, was my family's neighbor in our country house for part of the year when I was 12 or 13 years old. I often met him in his possessions of Malany near Versailles , and although I did not dare to question the wonderful old man much, I knew such deep respect for him that I carefully studied several chapters of his book. The idea that it was possible with the help of one or two Sanskrit syllables - such was the idea of ​​a book and all the linguistics of that time - to restore the life of disappeared peoples, ignited an enthusiasm in me that was unprecedented in its naivety; I have no memories of enjoying linguistics more delightful and sincere than those childhood memories that pop up in my memory today.

Original text (Fr.)
Le vénérable Adolphe Pictet, l'auteur des Origines Indo-européens, était le voisin de campagne de ma famille, pendant une partie de l'année, lorsque j'avais l'age de douze ou treize ans. Je le rencontrerais souvent dans sa propriété de Malagny près de Versoix, et quoique je n'osasse pas beaucoup interroger l'excellent vieillard, je nourrissais à son insu une admiration aussi profonde qu'enfantine pour son livre, dont j'avaelérie chapitres. L'idée qu'on pouvait, à l'aide d'une ou deux syllabes sanscrites, - car telle était l'idée même du livre et de toute la linguistique de cette époque - retrouver la vie des peuples disparus m'enflammait d ' un enthousiasme sans pareil en sa naïveté; et je n'ai pas de souvenirs plus exquis ou plus vrais de jouissance linguistique que ceux qui me viennent encore aujourd'hui par bouffées de cette lecture d'enfance.
- F. de Saussure . "Souvenirs de F. de Saussure concernant sa jeunesse et ses études" [10]

This refers to the book "Indo-European Origins, or Aryan Tribes" [10] .

Pictet introduced 13-year-old [6] F. de Saussure to Indo-European studies [33] , his views influenced Saussure [2] . John E. Joseph of the University of Edinburgh calls Pictet “the man who had the greatest influence on Saussure” [10] . According to B. M. Gasparov , Pictet "played a crucial formative role in adolescence Saussure" ( Eng. Played a crucial formative role in Saussure's adolescent years ) [6] .

Proceedings

Works on comparative historical linguistics and comparative grammar [7] :

  • De l'affinité des langues celtiques avec le sanscrit. - Paris [22] : B. Duprat, 1837 [22] [7] .
  • Les origines indo-européennes, ou les Aryas primitifs. - Paris, 1859-1863 [7] .
    • Les origines indo-européennes, ou Les Aryas primitifs, première partie: essai de paléontologie linguistique - Paris: J. Cherbuliez, 1859 [31] (first part).
    • Les origines indo-européennes, ou Les Aryas primitifs, seconde partie: essai de paléontologie linguistique - Paris: J. Cherbuliez, 1863 [31] (second part).
    • Les origines indo-européennes, ou les Aryas primitifs: essai de paléontologie linguistique - 2 édition, revue et augmentée - Paris: Sandoz et Fischbacher, 1878 [31] (second edition, revised and supplemented).
  • Essai sur quelques inscriptions en langue gauloise. - Genève : Joe͏̈l Cherbuliez [31] , 1859 [7] .

Work on aesthetic philosophy [7] :

  • Du beau dans la nature, l'art et la poésie [22] : études esthétiques [18] . - Paris: J. Cherbuliez, 1856. Second Edition:
    • Du beau dans la nature, l'art et la poésie: études esthétiques - Nouvelle édition - Paris: Sandoz et Fischbacher, 1875 [31] .

Work on ballistics [7] [19] :

  • Essai sur les propriétés et la tactique des fusées de guerre. - Turin : Chez Antoine Pavesio, 1848.

Story:

  • Une course à Chamounix [7] : conte fantastique [18] . - Paris: B. Duprat [25] , 1838.

Other works [34] [31] :

  • Dixième lettre d'un voyageur.
  • Origines de quelques noms de l'éléphant [34] [31] - article [35] in the journal Journal asiatique 1843 year.
  • Du culte des Cabires chez les anciens Irlandais - Genève, Paris, 1824.
  • Le mystère des Bardes de l'île de Bretagne ou la doctrine des bardes gallois du Moyen Age sur Dieu, la vie future et la transmigration des âmes, texte original, traduction et commentaire - Genève: J. Cherbuliez, 1856 (translation with notes and comments [19] ).
  • Nouvel essai sur les inscriptions gauloises: [et] lettres adressées à M. le Général Creuly - Paris, 1867.
  • La racine "dru" dans les noms celtiques des rivières.

Translated [31] from German:

  • Zschokke H. Histoire de la révolution suisse et de la chute des petits cantons [34] / Traduite de l'allemand par M. Pictet / Genève: A. Cherbuliez, 1830.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Candaux, Jean-Daniel. Iconographie de la famille Pictet (XVII - XIX siècles) (Fr.) // Genava. - Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, 1974. - Vol. XXII . - P. 303—346 . - ISSN 0072-0585 .
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pikte, Adolf // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 Pictet, Adolph // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. - T. 23a.
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Pictet, Adolphe // Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . Eine Encyklopädie des allgemeinen Wissens. - 4. Auflage. - Bd. 13. - S. [51] (Kol. 1).
  5. ↑ Zeno. meyers-1905-015-0864 (German) . www.zeno.org. Date of appeal September 30, 2017.
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gasparov B. Beyond Pure Reason: Ferdinand De Saussure's Philosophy of Language and Its Early Romantic Antecedents. - Columbia University Press , 2012 .-- S. 18, 19. - ISBN 0231157800 .
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Daniel Maggetti. Pictet, Adolphe (Fr.) . Historical Dictionary of Switzerland . Date accessed August 19, 2017.
  8. ↑ 1 2 Liszt F. An Artist's Journey / Translator Charles Suttoni. - University of Chicago Press , 1989 .-- S. 40 .-- 260 s. - ISBN 0226485102 .
  9. ↑ Biographies (neopr.) . www.archivesfamillepictet.ch. Date of treatment August 20, 2017.
  10. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John E. Joseph. Pictet's Du Beau (1856) and the crystallization of Saussurean linguistics (Eng.) // Historiographia linguistica. - 2003. - Vol. 30 , iss. 3 . - P. 365-388 . - ISSN 0302-5160 .
  11. ↑ 1 2 John E. Joseph. Saussure. - Oxford: OUP , 2012 .-- S. 34, 148.- 794 s. - ISBN 0191636975 .
  12. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 F. de Saussure . Revue de Les origines indo-européennes par A. Pictet (French) // Journal de Genève . - 1878. - 17 avril. - P. 2-3 .
  13. ↑ Histoire de la famille Pictet (Fr.) . Foundation des Archives de la Famille Pictet. Date of treatment August 20, 2017.
  14. ↑ Adélaïde Sara de ROCHEMONT (Fr.) , Société Genevoise de Généalogie . Date of treatment August 20, 2017.
  15. ↑ 1 2 Pictet de Rochemont C. Lettres écrites à sa famille pendant ses missions diplomatiques à Bâle, Paris, Vienne, Paris et Turin . - Genève: Fondation des archives de la famille Pictet, 2010 .-- S. 2.
  16. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pictet, Adolphe (Fr.) , Société Genevoise de Généalogie . Date of treatment August 20, 2017.
  17. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Adolphe Pictet (Fr.) // Wikipédia. - 2017-09-28.
  18. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Pictet, Adolpe (Fr.) . BnF Catalog général (91217-chfre). Date accessed August 19, 2017.
  19. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adolphe Pictet (French) // Journal de Genève . - 1876. - 16 janvier ( n o 13 ). - P. 1 .
  20. ↑ 1 2 Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (German) . portal.dnb.de. Date of treatment August 20, 2017.
  21. ↑ Sobichevsky V.T. Hoffville // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1893. - T. IX. - S. 448.
  22. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pictet, Adolph // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1898. - T. XXIIIA (46): Peter and Paul - Povatazhnoe. - S. 591-592.
  23. ↑ Arbre généalogique de la Famille Pictet (French) . Foundation des Archives de la Famille Pictet. Date accessed August 19, 2017.
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 Toporov V.N. Indo-European Studies // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V.N.Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - S. 182-186. - 685 s. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
  25. ↑ 1 2 Une course a Chamounix: conte fantastique (neopr.) . Ozon.ru. Date of appeal September 30, 2017.
  26. ↑ Une course à Chamounix. Conte fantastique. Introduction de Robert Bory. - PICTET, ADOLPHE (1799-1875): (neopr.) . www.antiqbook.com. Date of appeal September 30, 2017.
  27. ↑ Bulletin de l'Institut national genevois . - Genève, 1857. - Vol. V. - S. 138.
  28. ↑ Gamkrelidze T.V. , Ivanov Vyach. Sun Indo-European language and Indo-Europeans: Reconstruction and historical-typological analysis of the proto-language and protoculture: In 2 books. - Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Press, 1984. - T. II. - S. 458-457. - 1328 s.
  29. ↑ Linguistic Paleontology // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 66 volumes (65 volumes and 1 additional) / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1926-1947. - T. 43.
  30. ↑ 1 2 Petrenko D. I., Stein K. E. Linguistic paleontology of culture: Linguistics. Caucasian Studies: Monograph. - Rostov-on-Don: IP K.R. Popov (Polygraph-Service), 2017. - 462 p. - ISBN 978-5-9906581-6-5 , UDC 811.1: 811.35, LBC 81.2.
  31. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pictet, Adolpe ( unspecified ) . idref.fr .
  32. ↑ Neroznak V.P. Areal Linguistics // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V.N.Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - S. 43-44. - 685 s. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
  33. ↑ Jonathan D. Culler . Ferdinand de Saussure. - Cornell University Press , 1986.- S. 21. - 157 p. - ISBN 0801493897 .
  34. ↑ 1 2 3 ISNI 0000000080984572 Adolphe Pictet (linguiste suisse) (1799-1975) ( unspecified ) . www.isni.org. Date accessed August 19, 2017.
  35. ↑ Pictet M. Ad. Lettre sur les origines de quelques noms de l'éléphant (French) // Journal asiatique . Quatrième série. - Paris, 1843. - Septembre — octobre ( vol. 2 ). - P. 133-166 .
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pikte,_Adolf&oldid=99763506


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