Emir of the Bukhara emirate ( Bukhara emir, Emir of Bukhara ) ( Uzbek Buxoro Amiri ) - the highest public office in the Bukhara emirate from 1785 to 1920.
| Emir of the Bukhara Emirate | |
|---|---|
 Emir's standard (1868-1920) | |
 Last in office Sayyid Alim Khan | |
| Appeal form | Your majesty |
| Official residence | Ark , Sitorai Mokhi Khosa |
| Previous position | Bukhara Khan |
| Post has appeared | 1785 |
| First in office | Muhammad Rahim |
| Last in office | Sayyid Alim Khan |
| Replacing Position | Chairman of the Council of People's Nazirs of the BNSR |
| Position abolished | 1920 |
The title of emir in the Bukhara emirate was held by the rulers of the Uzbek dynasty of Mangytov .
The emir had unlimited power and ruled the country on the basis of Sharia rules (Muslim spiritual and moral code) and customary law. For the closest fulfillment of the will of the emir, several dignitaries were working with him, each acting in his own branch of government.
Influenced by the victories won by the Russian army during the Bukhara campaigns of 1866–68 and 1870, the Bukhara emir, in accordance with the treaties (the Russian-Bukhara treaty of 1868 and the Shaar treaty of 1873 ), recognized vassal dependence on the Russian Empire . Subsequently, despite vassal dependence, the Bukhara emirs led the internal affairs of their state as absolute monarchs . In addition, they had the ranks of generals of the Russian army and were awarded the highest Russian orders.
After the October Revolution in Russia, the emir for some time managed to maintain power in the Bukhara emirate.
As a result of the capture of Bukhara by the Red Army in September 1920, the Bukhara emir fled to the east of the Bukhara emirate, and then to the Kingdom of Afghanistan . Having received asylum in Afghanistan, he actively fought against the Soviet regime in Central Asia.
Content
History
The founder of the Uzbek dynasty, Mangytov, Muhammad Rakhim (1753-1758), ruled the Bukhara Khanate with the title of Atalyk from 1747 and, in 1753, with the consent of the nobility and clergy, entered the Bukhara throne with the title of emir [1] . Despite the fact that the Mangyts were not Genghisides, in 1756 Muhammad Rahim declared himself a khan [2] . With the date the beginning of his reign, the Bukhara Khanate began to be called the emirate [2] . After the death of Muhammad Rahim Khan, power passed to his uncle Daniyal-biy (1758-1785), who was content with the title of atalyk. After the death of Daniyal-biy in 1785, his eldest son Shahmurad (1785-1800) began to rule the country with the title of Naib , that is, the governor of the khan.
For a modest way of life, the people called him Emir Masum, which meant a sinless emir [3] . Shahmurad took the title of emir, after the death of the fake khan Abulgazi Khan . More Bukhara emirs did not erect fake khans. The last emir was Seyyid Alim Khan (1910-1920).
List of rulers of the Bukhara emirate
| Title | Name | Governing body |
|---|---|---|
| Atalyk اتالیق | Muhammad Rahim محمد رحیم | 1747–1753 |
| Emir امیر | Muhammad Rahim محمد رحیم | 1753–1756 |
| Khan خان | Muhammad Rahim محمد رحیم | 1756–1758 |
| Atalyk اتالیق | Daniyalbiy دانیال بیگ | 1758–1785 |
| Emir Masum امیر معصوم | Shahmurad ibn Daniyalbiy شاہ مراد بن دانیال بیگ | 1785–1800 |
| Emir امیر | Khaidar Tura ibn Shahmurad حیدر تورہ بن شاہ مراد | 1800–1826 |
| Emir امیر | Hussein ibn Haidar Tour حسین بن حیدر تورہ | 1826–1827 |
| Emir امیر | Umar ibn Haydar Tour عمر بن حیدر تورہ | 1827 |
| Emir امیر | Nasrullah ibn Haydar Tour نصراللہ بن حیدر تورہ | 1827–1860 |
| Emir امیر | Muzaffaruddin ibn Nasrullah مظفر الدین بن نصراللہ | 1860–1886 |
| Emir امیر | Abdulahad ibn Muzaffaruddin عبد الأحد بن مظفر الدین | 1886–1910 |
| Emir امیر | Muhammad Alim Khan ibn Abdulahad محمد عالم خان بن عبد الأحد | 1910–1920 |
Residences
The main and main residence of the emirs of the State of Bukhara (Bukhara emirate) throughout the entire existence of this state was the citadel-fortress Ark in Bukhara . In the last years of the existence of the Bukhara emirate, one of the residences was the Sitorai Mohi-Khosa suburban palace a few kilometers north of the then Bukhara territory, as well as the emir’s palace in New Bukhara (Kagan) a few kilometers east of Bukhara. Before the capture of Samarkand by the Russian Empire in 1868 , the emirs of Bukhara from time to time spent time in the palace of Kuksaray , on the Samarkand citadel . The emirs of Bukhara also had a small residence in Karman , in the north of the emirate. Potential residences of the emirs were also the palaces of the rulers in the centers of beks and vilayats of the emirate, but in fact they were used exclusively by the rulers of the regions. Only the last emir - Seid Alim Khan, after fleeing from Bukhara, lived for a short time in the Gissar fortress, in the extreme east of the emirate.
The emirs of Bukhara had palaces and residences outside the emirate, in particular in Yalta ( Yalta Palace of the Emir of Bukhara ), in Zheleznovodsk ( Zheleznovodsk Palace of the Emir of Bukhara ), in St. Petersburg ( House of the Emir of Bukhara . Representative office of the emir can also be considered a potential residence Bukhara in Orenburg .
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See also
- Khan of the Bukhara Khanate
- Khan of the Kokand Khanate
- Khan of the Khiva Khanate
Notes
- ↑ Chapter 1. The influence of Islam on political processes in Central Asia during the period of feudalism (VII-XVIII centuries) // The influence of Islam on political processes in Central Asia: study. allowance / Ed. A.V. Beloglazov. - Kazan: Kazan University ,, 2013. - S. 68. - 294 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Chapter 9. THE STATE AND THE LAW OF SHEYBANID. STATE DEVICE AND THE LAW OF UZBEK KHANAS. // History of state and law / Ed. N.P. Azizov, F. Mukhitdinova, M. Khamidova et al. - Tashkent: Publishing House of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2016. - P. 175. - 335 p.
- ↑ Anke von Kugelgen, Legitimization of the Central Asian Mangit Dynasty in the works of their historians (XVIII-XIX centuries). Almaty: Dyke Press, 2004