Carrot ordinary ( Latin Silaum silaus ) - a perennial herbaceous plant of the Umbrella family . It is found in the wild in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the southern strip of Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , Germany , France , Great Britain and some other countries of Western Europe [2] [3] .
| Common carrot |
|
| Scientific classification |
|---|
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Silaum silaus ( L. ) Schinz & Thell. |
| Synonyms |
|---|
- Peucedanum silaus L. basionym
- Seseli pratense crantz
- Silaus flavescens Bernh.
- Silaus pratensis ( Crantz ) Besser
- Silaus silaus ( L. ) H. Karst.
|
|
Content
The leaves are thrice and fourfold pinnate, ovate in outline; basal and lower stem - on long petioles , large; the upper stem leaves are smaller and less dissected. Basal leaves make up a significant portion of the weight of the entire plant. Rhizomes are thick, branched.
When sown with seeds in the first year of life, the carrot forms a rosette of leaves , and in the second (sometimes in the third), flower-bearing stems 140-160 cm high. At 5-6 years of life, plants have from 10 to 22 stems bearing 20-24 inflorescences each .
The flowers are small, pale yellow. It blooms in June and July; mass flowering - in the first and second decade of July. Fruits in August. Fruits are 4-5 mm long, flat, 2.0-2.5 mm wide.
Common carrot is not picky about soil and moisture. It grows well even on solonetzic soils and solonchaks in dry steppes . Plants are resistant to low temperatures and dry winds . Seeds, however, germinate better and germinate amicably under conditions of sufficient soil moisture and at relatively high temperatures. Spring frosts are well tolerated, and the rhizomes of adult plants winter well in the soil.
The roots contain terpenoids , phthalides . Essential oils , quercetin , kempferol are found in stems , leaves , inflorescences and fruits . In the flowers - quercetin , kempferol , in the fruits - coumarins , fatty oil , which contains petrozelinic acid .
To obtain essential oil, carrots are harvested in the phase of flowering plants or in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds in the central umbrella of inflorescences. When harvesting raw materials in the flowering phase, the plants grow well after mowing and in the 3rd decade of September give a second crop. With continuous processing to a great depth, plants are well renewed from the rhizomes remaining in the soil.
The oil obtained from the aerial parts of plants has a grassy-spicy smell with coniferous-carrot and floral tones. It is recommended for use in the perfumery and cosmetics industry .
The herbal mass of flowering plants and essential oil can be used in the production of canned vegetables and sausages , as well as in other branches of the food industry . In cooking, carrot, beetroot and potato salads, vegetable and meat soups are spiced.
It was experimentally established that the extract exhibits antitumor activity.
- β For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- β FrΓΆberg, Lars Silaum . Flora Nordica (August 7, 2008). Date of treatment August 16, 2017. Archived November 28, 2013.
- β Burton, JM Silaum silaus (L) Schinz & Thell. Pepper Saxifrage . Online Guide To Umbelliferae Of The British Isles (2002). Date of treatment August 16, 2017. Archived November 28, 2013.