Neo-tomism

The main component of neo-Thomist teaching is the dualism of being ( God ) and being ( Nature ). God is perceived as the root cause, things as the combination of matter and form , and processes as the transition of potency to relevance . Things created by God are considered as substances that can be judged by their essence and existence. Neo-Thomists call themselves "realists" because they recognize the external material world, but as part of a wider being, in which there is a place for another reality - God.

The cornerstone of neo-Thomism is the doctrine of the harmony of faith and reason . Following Thomas, the Neo-Thomists distinguish between two sources of knowledge - the natural mind (science) and divine revelation (religion), believing that they do not contradict each other.

N. A. Berdyaev noted in Neo-Thomism such traits as optimism, a stranger to the ideas of transforming the world and apocalyptic moods ^[1] .

The most influential direction within neotomism is the so-called existential tomism , the most significant representative of which is Etienne Gilsson . He repeatedly emphasized the essential "bias" of neo-Thomism aside from theology - to philosophy (which becomes noticeable when we compare neo-Thomism with the original Thomism ):

... neo-Thomism agrees with Christian philosophy, provided that it enjoys being a philosophy and ceases to be a Christian. Etienne Gilsson. "The spirit of medieval philosophy" ^[2]

Another direction is transcendental neotomism ( M. Blondel , J. Marechal , P. Russlo, J. Maritain and others) ^[3] . Sometimes in neotomism, a conservative and assimilative direction is distinguished ^[4] .

The main representatives of neo-Thomism:

•   J. Maritain , E. Gilsson, J.-E. Nicola, E. Falk, M.-D. Shenyu
•   F. Wetter , M. Grabman , D. Berger , C. Rainer , I. Lotz, I. De Vries
•   Yu. Bokhensky , K. Wojtyla
•   D. Mercier , J. Marechal , M. de Wolfe
•   D. Capelo

The main centers of neo-Thomist philosophy are the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas and Leuven Catholic University .

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