Bromohydroquinone (2,5-dioxibromobenzene, monobromohydroquinone, adurol-bromine, oral Schering adurol) is an organic compound derived from hydroquinone with the formula C 6 H 5 O 2 Br. Used as a developing substance in photography, faster than hydroquinone.
| Bromohydroquinone | |
|---|---|
| Are common | |
| Chem. formula | C₆H₅BrO₂ |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 110–111 ° C |
| Chemical properties | |
| Solubility in water | easily soluble |
| Solubility in alcohol | easily soluble |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| ChemSpider | |
Bromohydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone , produced for photographic purposes, were previously produced under the general trade name " Adurol ", since for photographic use differences in their properties could be neglected. The name " Schering 's adurol " comes from the name of the manufacturer [1] .
History
As a developing substance, it was introduced into use by the Schering factory in the same 1897, when chlorohydroquinone was proposed by the Gauff factory [2] .
Physical and chemical properties
Bromohydroquinone looks like silky shiny leaf-shaped crystals, it is easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether [3] . The melting point is 110–111 ° C [4] .
It has a manifesting ability; when developing, it works more quickly than hydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone, but less active than amidol [1] [3] .
An additional introduction of a sulfo or nitro group into the ring reduces photographic activity, however, the introduction of a methyl group significantly increases it [2] .
Getting
Obtained by the interaction of hydrogen bromide with p-benzoquinone in ether [4] .
Application
Developers with bromohydroquinone, like chlorohydroquinone, are most suitable for the development of photo paper and black and white slides , giving a black and blue image with this treatment. These developers, unlike hydroquinone, when developed without potassium bromide, give a relatively smaller veil . When it is added in small quantities, the veil decreases, in large quantities, the development process slows down, determined by the concentration of bromide [3] .
Bromohydroquinone developers have good preservation, constancy of work, do not darken, are insensitive to changes in processing temperature [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Martens, 1927 .
- ↑ 1 2 Haist, 1979 , p. 173-174.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Gurlev, 1988 , p. 278.
- ↑ 1 2 Knunyants, 1983 .
Literature
- Adurol : article // Technical Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. Martens L.K. - M .: Joint Stock Company "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1927. - T. 1.
- Adurol: article // Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. Knunyants I.L. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1983. - S. 12. - 792 p.
- Gurlev D.S. Reference book on photography (processing of photographic materials). - K .: Tekhnika, 1988.
- Haist GM Modern Photographic Processing. - New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto: John Whiley and sons, 1979. - T. 1. - (Photographic science and technology and graphic arts). - ISBN 0-471-02228-4 .