Desht-i-Kipchak [1] , or the Polovtsian steppe , Kipchak steppe [1] ( pers. دشت قپچاق , Crimean-Tat. Deşt-i Qıpçaq , Kyrgyz. Dasht-i-Kypchak , Kazakh. Ҡypsaҡ ; Tat. Dәshte Kıpchak, Däşte Qıpçaq ; Uzbek Dashti Qipchoq, Dashti Қipchaқ ; Kum. Desht Kypchak ; translated from Persian - “ Kypchak fields ”) - the historical region of Eurasia, representing the Great Steppe and the lower reaches of the lower reaches of the Dashi Dashi .
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The term “Desht-i-Kipchak” was first used by the Persian author Nasir Khosrov in the 11th century, when the Kipchaks ( Polovtsy ), coming from the shores of the Irtysh, became the northern neighbors of Khorezm in 1030 and occupied the territory of modern Kazakhstan, and subsequently the steppes of the North Caucasus, Azov Sea and Northern Black Sea Coast.
In Persian and Arabic sources of the XI-XVI centuries it is also referred to as Kibchak, Khikhchak, Kichchak, Kepchak, Hifchak [2] .
Nowadays, the Polovtsian steppe is located on the territory of modern states: Russia , Ukraine , Kazakhstan , Moldova , Romania .
Content
- 1 Division
- 2 population
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Division
Desht-i-Kipchak was usually divided into Eastern (from Altai to the Caspian ) and Western (from the Caspian to Danube ) Kipchak. The territory of Western Kipchak is known in ancient Russian chronicles under the name "Polovtsian land" or "Polovtsian steppe", and in the Byzantine and European medieval annals - under the name Komania (Kumania).
In the XVI-XVIII centuries, the term "Desht-i-Kipchak" was used in Central Asian historiography to name the lands of East Kipchak (modern Kazakhstan) [3] .
Population
In the pre-Mongol era, the population of the Polovtsian steppe did not form a single ethno-political community. The peoples and tribes of Desht-i-Kipchak, occupying various climatic regions, differed both in socio-political organization and in the way of managing.
In the 13th century, Desht-i-Kipchak was conquered by the troops of Genghis Khan and it became the core of the Jochi ulus - the Golden Horde.
In the late Middle Ages and New Time, the Polovtsian steppe was inhabited by the peoples of the Kypchak group : Tatars , Bashkirs , Nogais , Kazakhs , Kumyks , Karakalpaks and others. It is believed that the Kipchaks became part of the Tatars, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Bashkirs, Nogais, Crimeans and other peoples after the XIV century. One of the large Kazakh tribes of the Middle Zhuz is called Kipchaks [4] .
See also
- Mafazat al-gozz
- Polovtsy
- Wild field
- Nogai steppe
- Salsky steppes
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Geographic Encyclopedic Dictionary: Geographic Names / Ed. A.F. Treshnikov . - 2nd ed., Ext. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1989. - S. 148. - 210 000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-057-6 .
- ↑ H. Camol. A stepfather cannot become a father. About ethnogenesis of Uzbeks
- ↑ Desht-i-Kipchak // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia
- ↑ Kipchaks
Literature
- Gumilyov L.N. Ancient Russia and the Great Steppe . - M., 2006.
- Dobrolyubsky A. O. Nomads in the West of the Black Sea Steppes in the 10th-18th Centuries (Historical and Archaeological Research). - Abstract of diss. ... doctors of historical sciences. - St. Petersburg: IIMK RAS, 1991 .-- 34 p.
- Desht i Kipchak
- Kudryashov K.V. Polovtsian steppe: Essays on historical geography . - M .: OGIZ, Geografgiz , 1948 .-- 162 p. - (Notes of the All-Union Geographical Society. New Series. T. 2).
- Pletneva S. A. Nomads of the Middle Ages: The Search for Historical Patterns / Otv. ed. B. A. Rybakov; Institute of Archeology, USSR Academy of Sciences . - M .: Nauka , 1982. - 192 p.
- Pletneva S.A. Polovtsy . - M .: Nauka , 1990 .-- 210 p. - ( Pages of the history of our Motherland ). - 25,000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-009542-7 .
Links
- FIELD POLOVETSK // Encyclopedia “Words about Igor's Regiment”