Ruan ( Chinese 阮 , Pinyin : ruǎn ) is a traditional Chinese stringed musical instrument used in folk orchestras and Chinese theater; comes from pipa [1] [2] [3] .
| Ruan | |
|---|---|
| Ruanxian, Pipa Han Dynasty, Pipa Qin Dynasty | |
| Classification | stringed chordophone |
| Related tools | Yueqin, Qinqing, Shuangqing |
History
The Pipu that appeared during the Han Dynasty with a round resonator box , 4 strings and 12 frets was later called the Pipa of the Han Dynasty (or the Pipa of the Qin Dynasty ). Due to the fact that the famous musician Ruan Xian , one of the Seven Sages of the bamboo grove , played excellently on it, this pipa was also called in his honor ruan or ruanxian ( Chinese 阮咸 ) [2] [4] .
The earliest depiction of a pip game with outlines corresponding to modern Juan was found on a small ceramic vessel dating back to 260 [2] .
The round lutes of Vietnam and Cambodia come from Juan [5] .
Description
The body of the juan has a circular shape, the front and rear walls are convex [3] . Four pegs are attached to the long neck , 24 chromatic frets are located on the neck and top of the deck [6] [7] .
Modern Ruan comes in three sizes: large Dazhuan ( Chinese. 大 阮 ), medium Zhongzhuan ( Chinese. 中 阮 ) and small Xiaozhuan ( Chinese. 小 阮 ) [5] . In practice, larger and medium are more often used [3] .
During the game, the yuan is held vertically on the left thigh, with the strings forward; the strings are plucked with nails or a mediator from the tortoise shell [5] .
A variation of zhuan is yueqin [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Pipa . Encyclopædia Britannica . Date of treatment August 6, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tsun-Yuen Lui. Pipa Grove Music Online . Date of treatment August 6, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ruan . China Internet Information Center (November 23, 2006). Date of treatment August 6, 2017.
- ↑ Ruan Xu Yang musician: bring the human spirit to the spread of national music . China Internet Information Center (July 5, 2017). Date of treatment August 6, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Randy Raine-Reusch. Play the World: The 101 World Instrument Primer . - Mel Bay Publications, 2010 .-- P. 25. - ISBN 9781610652513 .
- ↑ Li Xiaoxiang. Origins of Chinese Music . - Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, 2013 .-- P. 86-87. - ISBN 9789813170322 .
- ↑ Marvelene C. Moore, Philip Ewell. Kaleidoscope of Cultures: A Celebration of Multicultural Research and Practice . - R&L Education, 2009. - P. 67. - 149 p. - ISBN 9781607093039 .