FIAS

The purpose of creating FIAS is “to ensure in the Russian Federation the unification of the structure of address information <...> and the uniform name of its constituent elements, as well as the provision of state and municipal services ^[3] ”.

The state authorities of Russia are obliged to use FIAS in the provision of services and the formation of legally relevant documents ^{[4] [5]} .

FIAS contains the official names of the elements of the planning structure, elements of the road network ^[6] .

The registry also stores additional information about address objects ^[7] :

• zip code ;
• OKTMO code ;
• cadastral number .

Prior to FIAS, Russia used KLADR , a classifier of addresses of the Russian Federation, a joint development of the Federal Tax Service and the Russian Post, which appeared in 1998 ^[6] .

Being under the responsibility of two institutions at once, KLADR had a number of flaws and was not mandatory for use by other government agencies, which were forced to maintain their own versions of address directories. The gradual development of public and private information systems used in Russia led to the fact that KLADR gradually occupied a dominant position among them. However, this product had a number of technical flaws, and the organizational problems of the general management of the Federal Tax Service and the Russian Post did not allow them to further develop the project together.

FIAS was an attempt by the state to create a more advanced address directory ^[8] , carried out by the Federal Tax Service.

On June 10, 2011, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 1011-p on the creation of FIAS. The operator of FIAS has become the Federal Tax Service of Russia ^[3] . ^[9]

November 1, 2011 FIAS began to operate in Russia ^[10] . From this day on, the register is accessible to all state authorities, municipalities, legal entities and individuals. At the same time, KLADR is still regularly updated and both registries exist in parallel.

On July 1, 2014, Federal Law No. 443-FZ of December 28, 2013 entered into force. He ordered state and municipal organizations, as well as the Post of Russia to use FIAS as a single address base ^{[1] [11]} ; non-governmental organizations could continue to use CLADR. On the same day, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 29, 2014 No. 384 came into force, which determined the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation - the federal executive body that carries out regulatory and legal regulation in the field of relations arising in connection with the maintenance of the state address register, operation of FIAS, as well as with the use of the address information in the state address register, and the FTS as the operator of the federal information address system ^[12] .

The practical implementation of the system is accompanied throughout the country by the gradual entry of local addresses not represented on the FIAS into this database. Ensuring this work is the responsibility of the municipalities ^{[13] [14]} , and monitoring the compliance of the use of the names of targeted objects in the regulatory acts of the FIAS base is occupied by the territorial divisions of the Federal Registration Service ^[15] . Practical implementation is also actively going on in the field of public utilities - bringing the addresses of subscribers to the FIAS standard in the process of integration with the GIS housing and communal services has become one of the significant areas of work of IDGC of the North Caucasus to increase the collection of payments for electricity ^[16] .

In the summer of 2017, the Federal Tax Service announced a decision to stop supporting KLADR from December 31, 2017 ^{[17] [5]} .

From 2018, according to the plan of the Federal Tax Service, only one relevant state register of address objects - FIAS - was to be in use by state bodies. However, this did not happen even in the practice of the tax service itself ^[18] . The process of the general implementation of the FIAS has stretched and is not completed so far ^[19] .

The following advantages of FIAS over KLADR ^[20] are noted in the professional environment:

• Permanent identifiers of address objects. In KLADR, the codes of address objects can vary from version to version. Because of this, you cannot use the KLADR code as a key and create a permanent link to the address object. In the case of FIAS, this is possible, since the code of the address object is constant;
• Clear structure for recording house numbers. In KLADR, the house number with the extension (building, building or letter) is stored in one line. Because of this, there are numbers of houses of the form "4lld2" or "2 / 7lld1v", in which it is difficult to identify components. In FIAS, the house number and extension are stored in different fields;
• record validity period. FIAS explicitly states which records are relevant and which are outdated.
• in contrast to KLADR, FIAS includes extended data from 12 points. The predecessor of this information was much less.

At the same time, in comparison with KLADR, FIAS has such a significant drawback as an increased volume occupied on the disk. Compared with the full ^[21] version of KLADR, which occupies about 50MB on a disk, the full version of FIAS takes several GB ^[18] . This makes it difficult to implement a new standard.

This difference is due to the fact that if dbf was adopted as the base format for KLADR, FIAS uses both dbf and significantly less compact xml, as well as with a large amount of information presented in FIAS.

The rules establish a unified address structure based on the territorial principles of the organization of local self-government, which includes the following hierarchical sequence of address-forming elements ^[5] :

1. Name of the country (Russian Federation).
2. The name of the subject of the Russian Federation.
3. The name of the municipal district, urban district or intracity territory (for cities of federal significance) within the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
4. The name of the urban or rural settlement within the municipal district (for the municipal district) or the intracity district of the urban district.
5. Name of the settlement.
6. The name of the planning structure element.
7. The name of the element of the road network.
8. Land number.
9. Type and number of the building, structure or object under construction.
10. Type and number of premises located in a building or structure.

According to FIAS, the classification code of any address in Russia can be decomposed into the following levels ^[8] .

Since FIAS was filled with data from the CLADR, the problems of the old registry migrated to the new ^[20] :

• Incorrect or missing indexes
• some houses are not enough, but there are nonexistent houses;
• There are houses in which the letter is part of the number, although there is a separate field for the letters in the table;
• some house numbers are not allowed, as “0p”;
• houses with double numbering correspond to several entries. For example, for the address Kazan, Kremlyovskaya 23/17 there are records “Kremlyovskaya 23”, “Kremlyovskaya 23/17” and “Kremlyovskaya 17/23”;
• ridiculous mistakes: according to FIAS, the name of Chuvashia is “Chuvash Republic -”, and the type of region is “Chuvashia”.

• Information on the composition of information of the Federal Information Address System . (Doc)

• Meet the new address system - FIAS