The collapse of the hostel in Kurgan

A typical five-story brick building of a family hostel was built in 1973 in the village of Energetikov in the city ​​of Kurgan . Located at 32, Constitution Avenue of the USSR. Located on the left bank of the Tobol River. On the night of January 12, 1983, part of the building collapsed into the riverbed of the cellar with dozens of people beneath it.

The commission investigating the tragedy found that a large heating main runs along the Tobol River, which broke through, and it happened a long time ago, however, no one discovered and eliminated the consequences of the breakthrough, and the Kurgan CHPP which owned the heating main only detected a pressure drop in the highway increased it to normal, thus accelerating the erosion of the soil. The slope on which the dormitory building stood was gradually eroding with boiling water, a cavern formed from a large water leak began to erode the basement and the dormitory foundation, as a result of which a part of the building that was closer to the river and the emergency heating main collapsed. The right corner of the butt crashed into boiling water. Residents of the "left corner" in a panic jumped out into the corridor - which was no longer there. The scalded bodies were washed away immediately in Tobol, under the ice, and there they carried away with the current.

From the explanatory tenant of house No. 32 of the boiler operator KTTs-1 of the Kurgan TPP Nefedova A.S .:

Before this accident, our room constantly smelled of damp, it was damp, the walls were black, the toilet was running all the time. On the street along the asphalt there was also water, the asphalt was always warm. Opposite our room was a laundry room, there was constantly water from the taps, which went directly to the basement, it was very hot. In the corridor, steam was constantly coming from the basement. Nobody paid attention to the complaints of the residents. 01/14/83

Here are the brief findings of the commission of inquiry. The site for the construction of the house was composed of loess-like sandy loam and loamy macroporous structure, which are characterized as subsiding soils of the first type of subsidence. According to the certificate of the chief specialist of the State Construction Inspection of the Gosstroy of the USSR Yu.V. Beylezon-like soils must be protected from soaking. In accordance with SNiP P-B-2-62X, the project should have provided for measures to reduce soil subsidence by compacting it with heavy rammers, as well as providing the ability to control water leaks from all water-carrying networks and pipelines.

None of this was done. Moreover, during the installation of the foundation, a dig was carried out without specifying its dimensions. Perekop filled up with rubble. Thus, a kind of drainage was formed under the foundation plates. In subsiding soils, such actions are unacceptable. The house is built on soils that suffer from hydrophobia. And the water in them came in an inexhaustible stream from the heating main, from other pipes and tubes (see explanatory comrade Nefedova A.S.). The pipes of the heating main, contrary to SNiPs and common sense, were made of boiling steel, and not of calm. The use of boiling steel in heating networks is prohibited. Executive documentation and the act of acceptance of the heating main into operation was not available.

According to the Conclusion of the specialists of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR and municipal services of the Kurgan Oblast Executive Committee “... it was not possible to identify the presence of hot water leakage from the heating main by external inspection or inspection of the nearest heat chamber, because the dead supports (heating mains) were made without drainage windows and the water flowing from the pipeline was forced to remain in the trays and seep into the ground in this section ... ”

The conclusion of the technical commission on the immediate cause of the accident: “ The main cause of the accident (collapse) was the waterlogging of subsidence soils due to systematic prolonged soaking from the heat supply system, as well as from other water-bearing communications of the house, which led to an increase in the level of groundwater and the formation of a landslide. As a result of the soaking of soils, a decrease in their strength and deformation characteristics compared with those determined for the period of surveys. ... An examination of the heating system revealed a fistula resulting from corrosion of the pipe walls. From this fistula, on average, from 5 to 7 cubic meters of water per hour entered the heating channel ... By the time of the accident, increased pressure of the flooded ground mass on the coastal slope had formed, which led to the collapse of the coast and the formation of a landslide. The development of the landslide led to the collapse of the building and the rupture of the pipelines of the heating main with the release of about 700 cubic meters of hot water, which completed the removal of soil, building structures, individual items and bodies of the dead in the riverbed ... ".

After the disaster, the dormitory building was restored, however, it became shorter. The walls of the building were taken in reinforcing brackets and screeds.

After the management company "Housing" transferred the house to the management company "Reliability" the house gradually came into disrepair. According to Vladimir Kirichenko, director of LLC Reliability Management LLC, the amount of charges from a house per month is 16 642 rubles. 15,246 rubles are spent on the maintenance of the house, garbage removal and wages of the janitor. For the current repair remains 1 thousand 396 rubles. The debt of the house in June 2013 amounted to 113 thousand rubles ^[1] .

Late on Saturday, March 26, 2016, brickwork collapsed around the window of apartment No. 50 on the fifth floor, as well as part of the eaves of the roof. EMERCOM officers, police, city authorities, including the head of the Kurgan City Administration Alexander Porshan, left for the place . The evacuation of residents. The emergency situation was removed, backups were put in order to remove the load on the floors. A visual inspection of the house and the coast was conducted from Tobol, as well as the basement of the building, which, according to Alexander Porshan, is dry ^{[2] [3]} .

The administrative and technical inspection of the city, having examined the building, recognized that the condition of the external walls of the house is limited in working condition, and the walls of the main facade wall section within apartments No. 49, 50, 51 on the 5th floor are completely in emergency condition. There is a threat of further collapse of the masonry of the cornice and piers within the indicated apartments. In June 2016, the prosecutor filed a lawsuit against the Kurgan administration with the obligation to repair the laying of load-bearing piers between the window openings of apartments No. 49, 50, 51, install window sills over the window openings of apartments No. 49, 50, and restore the laying of the window sill zone and cornice, eaves overhang of the roof and roofing within the apartments No. 49, 50, 51. According to the results of the trial, the requirements are satisfied ^[4] .

In March 2017, residents of the hostel say that their roof is still leaking and it is impossible to be in the apartments, although the house was renovated after a court decision. In 67 apartments of the house 86 people live ^[5] .

According to the schedule, the beginning of the overhaul is planned for 2020 (construction control, repair of the roof and facade). Repair of the foundation is attributed to 2030, and basement - to 2040.

• Mound. 30 years ago.
• THE TRADITION OF THIRTEEN YEARS ON THE AVENUE OF THE CONSTITUTION MAY BE REPEATED?